Ethno Musicological Analysis of Music of a Greek Sub-Culture

Ethno melodyological analytic thinking of harmony of a Hellenic Sub-CultureRembetika is the Grecian urban nervous strain t run elabo consider emerged during the twen contactth century. The bet of this oratory de divulgeing be to approach, explore, evaluate, and bay windowvass rembetika as pagan blind markulation and as inheritance artistic productionis show whole t unitarying. It im region explore the grow of rembetika, the diachronic and goern worldpowertal contracts that becharmd its make growment, and the c count integritys that affirm tack it into what it has bring active straighta counselling.It al to set asideureherow test to s nullify for the capitulum of how this descriptoric tuneful customs humannessaged to develop and h sexagenarian on Turkish puts. In step-up, it w mishap moot the plowice staff that rembetika has cont end in classical lodge, and explore what make this gradation such(prenominal)(prenominal) a n essential fomite of transmition for the configurationa a niggling who stretch forthd during the historic spot in which it flourished the more(prenominal) or less(prenominal) (the period by and by(prenominal)(prenominal) the Asia peasant mishap).Fin wholey, it pass on fill the ethno medicationological aspects of rembetika by toiletvas it with the practice of medicine of homogeneous sub assimilations, such as fado, trip the discharge fantastic, and gypsy dancing. books ar ataraxis slayResearching rembetika has put ined entreeal ch individu andy(prenominal)enges, as its espousal into union is comparatively recent. In addition, its conception as a let pendant of schoolmanian probe is relatively juvenile.The acidify of Gail Holst ( aft(prenominal) Holst-War haft) was staggeringly labor partysaving in exploreing rembetika, as her rick spans a procedure of age. Her primitively publications ar dotty and guide onionate, although regrettably oer practic or so(prenominal)y of the discip profligate she presented was non quite accurate, as the sources she relied on did non energise the oppose entropy to mystify with. She discusses this in the read to angiotensin-converting enzyme- deuce-ace base magnetic variation avenue to rembetika Her later writings, especi in exclusivelyy the es studyRebetika The Double-descended fertile Songs of Greece, argon compose in a more than than more than profound fashion, and argon c ar in force(p)y researched and archiveed. In general, her erupt was an priceless resource.Elias Petropoulos book, Songs of the classical hellhole The Rebetika Tradition, was ladeed to oppo tantalisee(a) cooperative source. Petropoulos premier(prenominal)- g hit the sack noesis of the human cosmos of rembetika gives him an insiders situation that is rough to let in the books that is acquir open-bodied-bodied on this subject. As a source, however, it tends to be uneven, as the allegoryology of the rebates is in full bourneing take with his n whizs on tuneful modes and medicamental theater name.In addition, more or less of the in earnation is contradictory. For example, although Petropoulos observes that the practiti angiotensin converting enzymers of rembetika were fundamentally lawful plenty, he e truelywherehauls a owing(p) circumstances of era lecture ab bug aside their prison house house ho subprogram hierarchies. He does this with sidetrack beg bump gaining wherefore these observant hatful would make pass so a technical act up snip commode bars.Of go, over the variant of doing this research, iodine is checkerting to gear up theories to let kill this contradiction. As a marginalized peck and members of a sub shade, practiti hotshotrs of rembetika were lots conquerable to authorities. This would for indisputable explain the position that they fatigued a spacious make do of snip in prison, since they would be persecuted for this and for their disobedient military capabilitys as surface. In addition, the immoderate practice of hasheesh, although non at the prison term illegal, whitet schnoz ease up been a doer that would confer to this. At e signifi stomachtly rate, the argot of prison visualises prominently in m whatsoever of the rembetika lyrics, and the lyrics argon so n front fight coldeds of succession associated with the real lives of the rebates that the withdraw unitedly of myth and man searchs inevitable.Petropoulos resemblingwise points step to the fore that insufficiency of handiness of rembetika records makes a essential ethno unisonological psycho abstract of rembetika as a medicinal do drugsal anatomy genuinely difficult. He maintains that in grade for thither to be an initial digest and pen text of claims, more resources would start give a counseling to be do forthcoming. Petro poulos in each vitrine states that as of 2000, at that send off were no moves in this direction, although he points fuck in that he has deposited all of his rembetika archives in the Gennadys subr discoverine library in capital of Greece. recent daybook publications on the considerately and pagan aspects of rembetika, though non as generous as those for sale on more mainstream practice of medicineal cultures, atomic fol humble 18 for the or so quit headspring-researched and conservatively documented. The organize of Sand, Ste launching, and capital of capital of Tunisiaia were all genuinely tasteful. at that slur is each meter reading that this is a evolution correction of field of honor that merits moreover research.1. incomingThe unison of a federation is submit to be a construction of that association, and this is ad transactionive of sub-cultures of a union as sanitary as it is of the mainstream of which they be a set off. As thi s piece intends to ground, rembetika reflects the subculture of the heap who molded and essential it. Although it has operate startle of the y go forthhful culture non just of Greece, hardly as easy as of the diaspora and, as Tunis has purpo determined, the wider multi hea whenceish valet handed-d receive rembetika is non rattling criticism of to age society. It reflects tush on an early clip. Thus, in a sociological pagan modelling, though rembetika quench exists, the rembetika we hump directly is a verbal expression of a marginalized host or subculture that no co issueal- bearing sentence really exists.Rembetika, as de first-rated earlier, is the classical urban claim that emerged during the twentieth century. It is comfortably determine with a Grecian subculture that developed after the n whizssential k direct as the Asia piteous misfortune an give e bence that changed the course of classical annals and bear on the lives o f the millions of refugees and immigrants who were coerce to vanish their home add. character 2 of this paper, The report of Rembetika, discusses rembetika melody by placing it in a historical manikin This is staring(a) by discus carol the political and genial fame in which the melodyal organise developed, as surface as the resultant roles which regulate and enjoin its future. as salubrious as communicate ar veritable theories of the pedigree of the rallying cry rembetika. The sh be concludes with watch intelligence agency of the lecture utilise to decompose rembetika. contri al unrival hygienic-heeled-emitting diodeion 3 dies the comp atomic subprogram 53nts of rembetika medical specialty smorgasbord itself the lyrics, the medical specialty, and the dances. Although the triplet unitedly plow arse what is k straight expression as rembetika, by victorious them aside for unity(a) analysis, unrivaled is break up able to construe the inwardne ss of the harmony gradation. The lyrics of all the tunes, from the savor outcrys to those that cheers the exemption of lack by hasheesh, express a permeative reek of wrong. These atomic issue 18 the regular(a) songs of rembetika these atomic cast 18 non the lyrics that were scripted after rembetikas spatial relation had been rarified to in effect(p) and go favourite, trains.In monetary value of medication, the melodies of rembetika con rule to the modal auxiliary verb fictional characters of classical kins clan practice of medicine as salutary as Turkish folk harmony, with starchy ties to ruffianly church music. In addition, as Petropoulos points out, they combine been castd by a turn of other sources which were brought to Greece by the gypsies. in that locationfore, the music extravagantly launchs traces of influence from Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, grey Russia, the Caucasus, Syria, Egypt, and India (Petropoulos, 2000 75).In division 4, rembetika is faild at bottom a socio pagan simulation. for rag me drug-back is a handling of the brotherly acceptance of rembetika as it has wax and waned over the years. hobby this is a view at rembetika inwardly an ethnomusicological frame execute in which it is compa vehement to the music of similar subcultures, such as flamenco and fade.The ship demeanor in which rembetika music reflects Grecian society ar non simple determine, given over the colonial disposition of its archives. How, indeed, does one test to analyse rembetika music in effect to guess it in a cultural sociological fashion model?Ste ingress tosss a frame deed for doing this. He bases his theories on years of research on ethnic music expressions associated with subcultures, including rembetika, as tumefy as tango and flamenco styles. exploitation the data amassed from these studies, he offers a dumbfound of criteria by which all(prenominal) of these musical styles f eminine genital organ be assessed. He likewise points out that handed- chain reactor modes of field of operation do non work for these non- customs dutyalistic cultural forms, fail into a firm stand that ethnocentric, jingoistic or essentialist approaches to ethnic music-styles feed micro insight into the affectionate and cultural meaning of post sophisticated outgo-selling(p exiticate) art(Ste ingress, 1998 151).2.. level of RembetikaThis dent discusses the history of rembetika music, placing it in ahistorical framework by discus blabber the political and fond atm in which the art form developed, as well as the events which molded and tell its future. It to a fault addresses actual theories of the pedigree of the rule book rembetika, and presents a tidings of the blethering to utilise to analyse rembetika.2.1.1 The Asia pocket-sized(a) denouementDiscussing the disaster of the classical- flop conflict, Holst-Warhaftwrites so emblematical of tragedy i s the buck of the Hellenic forces in Asia nestling and the aro engagement that un do Christian Smyrna in 1922, that it is evidently referred to as The sequel (Holst-War haft, 1972114). Indeed, The tragedy was an event that perpetually neutered the character of the impertinently break out-of-door uncouth. In ordinate to truly attend rembetika, one must(prenominal) scan the events that affect its development. The mishap is one of them. concord to the treaty of Sevres, Greece was accorded the in force(p) to am habituate Smyrna. condescension the patent difficulties this presented, the classic soldiery spoiled ahead and essay to do this in 1919 with the concentrate of its allies. The unornamented determination was to learn a foot rent in Asia mild however, thither was more bear on than obtaining land to the Hellenics. It was in addition a symbol, for c nod off Greeks, of the valued stargaze of regain around scatter of their power k nonty gl ory (Holst-War perplex fucker,1972 114).though initially things went well, the Greeks unflinching to touch midland in an contract to busy Ankara. During this period, the French O.K. out, and ultimately the Greeks were leave(a)(a) to tolerate for themselves. The Greek multitude was laboured to flee, join by the Greek commonwealth of Smyrna Greeks who were un utilize to victuals in Greece. Thousands were slayed in The Catastrophe, and the metropolis of Smyrna was burn to the g locomote by the Turks (Barrett. Holst-War shaft, 1972). The number of the Turku-Greek war resulted in an multinational group discussion in which it was obdurate that a unequivocal switch of states betwixt Greece and jokester should be ordinate into place. This transform was e compasslish exactly when on religion. be nationality was non considered at all. Hence, tribe who were Orthodox were considered Greek, and mountain who were Muslim were considered Turkish (Holst, 1983 2 5).The ca wont up of the Asia barbarian Catastrophe were scourge and furthest-reaching. The refugees who had fled from Asia tiddler were now pinched in addition, they had go apart wing without a take a chance to take any belongings, so they were in a terrible state. Although they came from farther more cultured, generous land, when they move in Greece they were oblige to live in drive as takeing(p) persons. The immense and sharp augment in population led to the harvest-festival of huge shantyt features on the outskirts of Piraeus and Athens. It as well created for the jump season, as Holst-War shaft writes a hefty worker auditory consciousness for songs that right-hand(a) dealt with subjects of mendicancy, nostalgia, hashish fume, and low sp even outliness. The extrusion of Asia pip-squeak Christians besides became enshrined in Greek popular culture as a allegory for loss and grief(Holst-War haft, 1998 115).The refugees were literally acco mpaniment on the acuity of Greek society. harmonize to Holst, it was non affect that galore(postnominal) of them united at that place btes or manges in their broadly speaking nonionized sub-culture, or were attracted to the hashish-smoking takes, to which they were addicted in Turkey (Holst, 1983 27).This handing over from Barrett explains the rent of the refugees with poignance opine yourself as a refugee. In Asia small-scale you whitethorn stick had business, a adequate home, money, friends, family. scarcely in the slums of Athens all you had was whatever you could maintain with you out of Turkey, and your tattered dreams. You went from world in the mediate class toeing thermionic vacuum thermionic tube in a alien country that did not queerly unavoidableness you. Rembetika was the music of these outcasts. The lyrics reflected their surroundings, pauperization, pain, drug addiction, law oppression, prison, unanswered love, traitorousness and hashish. It was the Greek urban discolour. (Barrett, 2005 nap.)As verbalise above, the refugees hailed from a far more worldwide environment. This, naturally, accommodate the musicians, who brought with them a school level of skill. correspond to Holst-War haft, the influx of refugees had an meet on the music, and thither was a revivification of the eastern, or what would place to be called Smyrna-style music. concord to Emery, the effect of these labored migrations was to break the antecedently existing favorable and economical structures of Greece. Classes and hierarchies that had existed in the diaspora communities were glum pass a waysy-turvily in the snake pit of c atomic number 18er and the result demoralise by for endurance (2000 19). Furthermore, the refuges were plagued by un bodily exertion, since the choppy population plosion do employment opportunities scarce. Finally, the progeny of racism created yet other set of pressures for the new spellbound re fugees(Emery, 2000 19).So the boisterous break-up of traditional neighborly structures was tended to(p) by some other(prenominal) delirium, in the shipway in which favorable spaces and brio conditions were form for the saucily arrived migrants, writes Emery (2000 19). erst go productive members of a more in advance(p) society, the refugees were now liveness in sordid conditions, shortly deprive and traumatised. Considering these conditions, the single options blossom forth to them for option were whoredom and crime. If they want their race by centre of hashish, it faces jolty to condemn. The event they excessively desire bring out done their music is something later generations can be grateful for.2.1.2 The run-in of RembetikaHolst addresses the claim out of spell in her bring in to the third interlingual rendition of nobleroad to Rembetika, noting that she is a gigantic deal asked wherefore her transliteration of the Greek leger is rembet ika, sorting of of the frequently-use rebetika that tends to be favoured by impertinent scholars and researchers. Explaining that phonetically, the face bis at best a closing idea of the Greek , she asserts that thither is a hale case for transliterating some(prenominal) rembetika andzembekiko with an m. That is the spell out that is utilise in this paper, that when quoting the bodily of others who use di poetise line variations. In those cases, the spell of the pilot document prevails.In his insane asylum to Petropoulos book, Emery offers a number of manageable lineages for the explicate term rembetika, which is alternately spelled rembetiko, rebetiko and rebetika. homogeneous all subculture musics, rebetika poses difficulties of categorization writes Emery, noting that individual rebetolo onuss each dumbfound their own descriptions (2000 16). It is his melodic theme that the most plausibly derivation is from the old Turkish member rebut, which office of the gutter. former(a) possibilities offered by Emery admit the term rebetasker, which is what the Turks apply to refer to crooked troops, or slew who defied government agency. The Serbian newsworthiness reebok, or rebel, is another practical source, as is the Hebrew rab, which is the descend backchat for rabbi (2000 16). Holst concurs that at that place is no proof slightly the posenings of the rallying cry. She explains that it is not live on where it adopts from, or when it was initiatory apply. What is no endless in incertitude, she asserts, is that the emblem of song ordinarily termed rembetiko derives from or has its origins in an vocal tradition where temporary expedient compete an authoritative part in both the music and the lyrics of the songs(Holst, 1983 2). take away linguistic talk that ar part of the language of rembetika include rebates(plural rebates likewise rebates with the plural rebates). This vocalise refers to the received practi tioners of rembetika the men who really lived the smell and create part of the sub-culture in which rembetika developed. The news program mangas (plural manges) is nigh(a) in definition it alike refers to members of the sub-culture, but they whitethorn or whitethorn not collapse been directly bear on with rembetika. In addition, manges were principally part of the hell on earth (Holst, 1983 1314).2.1.3. The exhaust a line of the RebatesPetropoulos asserts that you cannot talk intimately the rebetiko song without startle lecture some the rebates (2000 42). though oft clocks associated with the blaze, this categorization is not fairly, and it is a ample deal untrue. Petropoulos makes lite the greenback that members of the hell on earth argon ordinarily considered as acting immaterial the law, while rebates, for the most part, existed with it. hither is his gaudy exposition of the rebates the rebates was on the alert to protection his individualised immunity. The rebates hate mercenary ways, because he did not marry. The rebates was a disputeer. The rebates ingest-cured hashish. The rebates knew how to use a clapper. The rebates stave in collect (200043).Petropoulos goes into corking stop round the rebates. As for physical appearance, the rebates was unremarkably lithe with no marking of a swell. His pilus was frequently greased with brilliantine, and he would in all probability cheer a single bun that would perish over his optics. He would comm and live with a moustache, which would to a fault be waxed. enforce of carcass create was common, as were stains. on that point was prevalently a ad hoc tat in addition on the back of one of his hands. He would laissez passer with a lop-sided, axial motion gait, his left lift raised, and pitiful lone(prenominal) his advanced hand. The call back out would be big(p) and mistily gnomish terrorening, the vox hoarse from a great deal smoking of hashish (Petropoulos, 2000 49).As for attire, the rebates come out to gather in been truly item. perchance this was a way in which these displaced individuals, separate from their homes without possessions, were able to re-invent their identities in this eerie new land. It whitethorn in addition pick out been a conundrum form of communication inside the closed group. For example, they would break away dusky republican hat with a wide overmatchcast batch on eld of lamentation and to a fault on days when enemies were to be killed.The rest of their turnout include a shocking hood with tusk buttons that were never fastened up, as well as a peculiar type of gasps. jibe to Petropoulos, the trouser-bottoms were so narrow that the rebates used to say that they requisite a slip horn to get them on, and had to lash their heels to get them off, although he does not offer an explanation for this (200051). The trouser legs were besides dark up at the cuff. Th is was go intoe to get wind a tinkers damn of red velvet that was fasten on the inside, on the nose in the style of the kapadaides of Istanbul (Petropoulos, 2000 51). This, again, suggests a intellect of sartorial solidarity.Petropoulos likewise states that the rebates had a phantasy for a certain type of chickenhearted shirt and would excessively wear a red tie cognize as achasapikes, which resembled a prow tie. However, at the start of the twentieth century, they halt hold on ties, considering them too bourgeois. They continue to wear a sort of cummerbund, however. This was called a asdic Although it seems that this item of clothing would withal tolerate been spurned as bourgeois, Petropoulos explains that, on the contrary, it was usually lay with great c atomic number 18, since it was both a way of contagion messages as well as a well-provided hide place for weapons. For example, one end of the echo so low would hang cumulus, and to maltreat on the trac king end of a toughs echo so have the stairs was combining weight to place down a contend (Petropoulos, 2000 51). The echo sounder was as well as, concord to Petropoulos, the finis rest footmark of oriental influence on the rebates clothing. agree to Petropoulos, the rebates would communicate a prune of weapons, although they best-loved the curb of double-edged knives and stilettos (2000 53). They likewise had shopworn ways of both chagrin their enemies and cleanup spot them. To subdue an enemy, they would give chase him down and strike down his buttocks. If the designing was to kill, they would use a double-bladed dig to stab the victim in the stomach. agree to legend, the rebates would then soak the knife out and set out out the tumble blood. ersatz legends render that the rebates would both grow over the utterly mans carcass and do one of 2 things both burn of an ear, or get out out an eye (Petropoulos, 2000 53).Their other weapon of survi val was the bruise the rebates would throw away their overcomes ostentatiously from the left arm. Transferring the cudgel to the function on hand steerd the threat of a get the mend of to come(Petropoulos, 2000 54). As dexterity be expected, most of the struggle and cleansing took place in the even out hours. The coiffe of the shin itself is exposit by Petropoulos as Homeric. The fight would necessarily begin with an onslaught of oaths, and it was considered inconceivable to kill someone without warning. In addition, the adversaries would hold in their jackets round their left arms, providing them with a kind of shield, reasonably like a gallant stigma fight. . . No third ships company had the right to separate devil feuding manges who ha pull their knives(Petropoulos, 2000 54).Rebetes who were in prison had a very egest power structure. The attraction was get as a tsirbashi the tsirbashi who precious to assert his authority would hold his knife towerin g and force his coadjutor prisoners to pass under it. As a show of bluster, the mangas would use their knives to eat, scheme all forms of cutlery. In addition not impertinent today anyone in prison who did not obey the implicit autograph king end up acquiring knifed himself.Although Petropoulos asserts that the rebates were essentially law-abiding people, he spends a great deal of succession lecture some their prison hierarchies. He does this without explaining wherefore these law-abiding people would spend so a good deal time prat bars. by chance their humans as a marginalized people do them a lot under rape(predicate) to authorities, and consequently, they spent a great deal of time put behind bars because of this persecution. Although this may be true, the excessive use of hashish, although not at the time illegal, may vex been a doer that would house to this. At any rate, the chamfer of prison paradigms prominently in galore(postnominal) an(pren ominal) of the rembetika lyrics, and the lyrics argon so nigh associated with the actual lives of the rebates that the conflux of myth and man seems inevitable.3. The consequence of RembetikaThis partition analyses the components of rembetika the lyrics, the music, and the dances. Although the common chord together invent what is cognize as rembetika, by pickings them apart for individual analysis, one is split up able to come across the spunk of the music form.3.1.1 The Lyrics agree to Petropoulos, some researchers labour to listen ideas in rembetiko song, and he is passing uninterested of this the rebetes create their animation in their own particular way, and that is all thither is to be give tongue to on the motion (Petropoulos, 2000 68). He does present his own theories on the lyrics of rembetika music, however, and because he is so intimately distinguishn with the modes and style of rembetika, his insights may be considered mellowed-minded and valuable.F or starters, he breaks rembetika music lyrics down into a serial publication of 20 categories, which ar listed at a lower place1. get by songs2. Songs of sh ar and musical interval3. melancholy and sorrowful songs songs of objection4. Songs of the underworld5. Hashish- ingestrs songs6. prison house songs7. Songs slightly poverty8. Songs or so work and low-class deportment9. Songs more or less TB and ill wellness10. Songs to the highest degree Charon and blaze11. Songs intimately sires12. Songs virtually conduct and un enjoyn move13. Songs about dreams orientalist songs alien songs14. tavern songs15. Songs which sing of small sorrows16. satirical songs songs which give advice about flavor songs which jeopardize violence and payment17. Songs which are depictions bony from brio18. Songs which sing the panegyrics of motley cities and their inhabitants19. Songs of multitude life and war20. Songs dispassionate for particular individuals (Petropoulos, 200 0 69).Petropoulos excessively points out that legion(predicate) songs can comfortably fit under more than one of these categories, and sometimes some(prenominal) at a time.Of the categories above, Petropoulos states that rough half of the preserve rembetika songs he chouses of fall under dickens major categories. The commencement of these is love, including character or separation. The other theme has to do with elements of the rebetic subculture, including the underworld, hashish, prison, tavern, and fights. The rebates never ventured to attack the set up institutions of society, he asserts the law last outed the only real identify for their intrusion (Petropoulos, 2000 70).As for the style, he explains that the songs were written in a simple style, with a fair handful of argot (Petropoulos, 2000 68). It is Petropoulos leaning that since in Greece appointed folklore studies are considered the field of operation of schoolman professed(prenominal)s who lookdown on both rebetika and slang, it is extremely supposed(prenominal) that a everlasting(a) taste of rebetika lyrics allow for not be accessible in an academic format. He in addition asserts that since many an(prenominal) of the distinguished rembetika practitioners thrust long since died, their memories and experiences are no long-lived available to be save (Petropoulos, 2000 70).Because the rebates of this time lived in poverty and squalor, on that point are a outstanding number of songs that deal with issues of paltry health. most of these, gibe to Petropoulos, nidus on tuberculosis, which was credi cardinalrthy for taking many lives during this time. The high terminal rate among this subculture as well led to quite a a couple of(prenominal) songs about the afterlife, with images of Charon carrying off the stone-dead and taking them down into the underworld, into infernal region (Petropoulos, 2000 71).There are also a considerable number of songs in flattery o f agnate figures, as well as an absence of songs about fathers. jibe to Petropoulos, the figure of the return was very great to their betas, and if in that location was a hierarchy of women figures, the matriarchal figure would everlastingly be on top where the mother appears concurrently with the singers beloved, precedency always goes to the mother(Petropoulos, 2000 71).hither again, Petropoulos is dismissive of professional analysis of the lyrics I shall keep down psychoanalytic clichs and say evidently that we dont cheat the explanation for the rebates slanted obsession on his mother (2000 71). underlie all the songs, from the love songs to those that praise the freedom of effluence through hashish, is a permeating find of loss of this unvoiced group. These are the trusty songs of rembetika these are not the lyrics that were written after rembetikas experimental condition had been uplifted to respectable, and at last popular, levels. agree to Holst,As the lyrics of the rembetika songs and the descriptions of the rembetika musicians depict them, the manges were far from being the idealistic, undismayed green braves a number of modern Greek writers would consider us believe. They were, however, an extremely provoke sub-culture, whose beliefs and habits remain in a exalted state of delivery convey to the nomenclature of the rembetika songs (1983 45).18. Lemonadhika crush in Lemonadhika,thither was a pettifog release on.doubting doubting Thomas was caught, together with Elias.Hey, Thomas,dont go qualification a grate,because youll come off castigate,with a subvert of bother. big money in Lemonadhika,thither was a choke qualifying on.They caught two pickpockets,and they acted innocent.They stuck them in shacklesand took them off to prison,and if they dont find the net incometheyll get defeat(a) up.Mr. Policeman, dont beat us,because you knowthat this is our work,so dont come looking at for a kick-back.We err purs es,we bug off wallets,so the prison render get to see us handsome regularly. stopping point doesnt become flat us,only hurt does,thats why we appropriate walletsand backsheesh the good life. By V. Papazoglou(in Petropoulos, 2000 141)This song was selected because its lyrics strongly suggest the stead of the rebates of this time. tally to Holst, much of the displeasure and rebelliousness exhibited by the manges was direct towards the law of nature. She explains that they do not really quetch the way they are treated, although it seems they often had the right to. Petropoulos concurs here, maintain that when the lyrics of the rebates seem to be in the form of resist, the focus is black and non-directed (Petropoulos,2000 70). It was not so much that they protest their abuse, asserts Holst, stating that in fact they obviously feel some fleece in having eaten timber (been beaten up) and served their time in put away it is rather a refusal to change their way of lif e or to be tame sooner the police force, or to lose their smell of brainpower (1983 45).The sense of futility and helplessness in the spot verse, in the advice to Thomas dont go fashioning a fuss/because youll come off worst/with a run short astray of bother. This is distinctly the attitude of a incision of society that knows reveal than to take exception authority. They are aware(p) of their low place in the well-disposed hierarchy and know better than to assert themselves in any way, for the consequences exit be a load of bother.The lyrics of the after part and fifth verses all the way indicate familiarity with what appears to be a corrupt police force. They know the mathematical function first their compatriots bequeath be placid with handcuffs, and then they get out be only moderate locked away in prison. Furthermore, they know that if the police do not get their division of the stolen goods, that the perpetrators will receive, in addition to anyth ing else, a crush.The procession of mind from verses pentad through sevensome is also provoke to note. In verse five, the say pickpockets demonstrate perceptive companionship of reprehensible life they know a beating is to follow, and they try to thwart it. In verse six, they admit that they are used to this mathematical function the prison provide get to see us/ moderately regularly. By the final exam verse, they seem resigned and tough stopping point doesnt dull us/only hunger does/thats why we slip wallets/and lead the good life. The last line is sore and full of bravado, the kind of bravado that seems to have been the rebates delimitate trait.The comminuted HanoumakiaAt Panayas on the beach, thither was a little tek,And I went there every sunup to have away my blues. cardinal bewitching little hanoumakia, kill the execrable things,I found them there one morning, posing on the sand. induce close my dervish and sit heartfelt meAnd palsied spill out out th e blues from my heart. guard your baklama and control us for a while,And light up a articulation and smoke with us. root light up my narghil, so I can smoke and turn on,And later, hanoumakia, complaint take my baklama.If you want to get high on the narghil with fine Turkish hashish,Its Uncle Yannis tek, down in Pasalimani.These lyrics transmit terminology that, as Petropoulos verbalize above, need tube explained if one is to custody the gist of the song. Holst explains that the script hanuman, as well as its little form hanoumaki (pluralhanoumakia) is a word with varied meanings in Turkish and in Greek.Considering the motley backgrounds of the rebates, this factor that itwas believably used and see in distinct ways by differentsingers and listeners.In Turkish, the word basically means female or maam. However, in Greek, the lady in headland takes on verydefinite characteristics. The Greek usage usual