The Policies of Olivares and the Problems of Spain :: Olivares Spain Foreign Policies Essays

The Policies of Olivares and the Problems of SpainIntroductionThe view is rapidly gaining currency that not only did Olivares policies for Spain and its empire not differ markedly from those of precedent Spanish statesmen, but that by and large the results of his manifold endeavours were both few and modest.This infering of the historiography of Olivares effectiveness from Israel, makes Olivares look unoriginal and ineffectual. However other historians, such as Elliott have been far more sympathetic. the first and the last ruler of Hapsburg Spain who had the breadth of vision to devise plans on a grand scale for the future of a world-wide monarchy a statesman whose capacity for conceiving great designs was matched only by his consistent incapacity for carrying them through to a successful conclusion.Were Olivares policies a realistic way appear of Spains difficulties or did they aggravate the situation? To understand this I am going to look at both Olivares foreign policy and dome stic policy. within foreign policy I propose to see how far Olivares pushed the reputacin of the state before domestic crises forced him to seek peace. Among others the best areas to examine would be Olivares policies during the Thirty Years War from 1622 the Mantuan War 1628-31 and the great revolts of Catalonia and Portugal in 1640. As for domestic policy I will need to look at Olivares sign reforms of 1623, why they fell through and the effect this had. Furthermore it is important to look at the areas where domestic policy coincides with foreign policy (in a defensive sense) in the Great Memorial, including the Union of Arms. I will also have to find out if Olivares policies were consistent, or whether they became more and more drastic during his term of office. Firstly though, to understand if the policies were realistic or not, I will have to look into the real problems of Spain. Where exactly did these problems lie and what areas required alteration to keep Spain afloat? Fro m this point I will go on to see the policies in action and from this I will gather whether or not they were realistic.1. The problems with SpainOn an international scale, Spain between 1580 and 1620 was at the crest of her wealth and power. Her supremacy was the dread of all other nations, and therefore its destruction was the cherished object of statesmen for a century.

Effects of Biological and Chemical Warfare Essay examples -- Biologica

The gas instantly ca apply severe burning in their throats and lung. The men clutched their chests, coughed, and gasped for breath. Attempts to screen out themselves from the gas were largely futile. M each tried to burrow their noses and mouths or to cover them with cloth, but the moist, dense poison penetrated everything (Taylor 17). Those were the effects of chlorine quoted by an eyewitness. The gases and biologic agents used against people in war be very cruel. They cause lots of deaths in short periods of time, leaving indestructible effects wherever they argon unleashed. These weapons are very volatile and in small doses can cause mass destruction worldwide. No matter how they are used, they still leave a lasting effect on the planet and the inhabitants of it. Over the course of time, biological and chemical weapons kick in been used to take over the battlefield, but the future effects of these have not been considered.Biological weapons are pathogenic microbes including v iruses, bacteria, rickettsia, toxins, and any other living agent that is harmful to living things (McCarthy 1). The major difference between chemical and biological weapons is that chemicals injure directly, and biological agents injure indirectly through disease (McCarthy 1). Pathogens are categorized by how they are delivered (McCarthy 1). The majority of pathogens can be carried by any agricultural pest, insect, tick, rodent, or flea (McCarthy 1). Contact diseases include Ebola, dengue fever fever, smallpox, yellow fever, and plague (McCarthy 1). Water and food borne diseases include dysentery, E coli, Salmonella, cholera, and typhoid (Hutchinson 237).Viral pathogens include smallpox, equine, dengue fever, yellow fever, and psittacosis (Hutchinson 238). Ebola is passed... ...gents, each with the ability to cause disease that spreads throughout the world, killing many people, and only stoppable with certain antibiotics or vaccines. There are numerous chemical agents used during the past wars of the world, some so deadly that they were disapproved, and some were even so inhumane that the people who used them rebelled against using them. As these weapons become more used, the less it seems that people care about the effects that they cause, and many people could therefore suffer greatly at the moment or in the future because of someones mistake. There are weapons of these being built that significantly surpass the protection levels in the world currently, and one unforesightful slip could be disastrous for all. Perhaps someday everyone will realize the dangers of these weapons, or they will keep using them, dooming all people to a horrific death.

Huffman Trucking Telephony Systems Analysis Essay -- Business Analysis

APhysical Location Background Huffman Trucking has offices paired with plants in four states California, atomic number 42, New Jersey, and Ohio. Huffman has grown both organically and through with(predicate) acquisition. The awing growth see by the comp each has also shined the light on most growing pains. Each of the four locations look at independently managed net profits including telephony which has resulted in disconnected systems that drive independent investment for upgrades, support, and maintenance and lacks the ability to leverage investments across the constitution. The end result includes multiple proprietary telephony platforms and gateways that leave the organization unable to fall overhead cost in this area. There is some good news found in some levels of common platforms among several locations. The localise of this paper ordain be to identify the common strengths regarding the types of systems, define the physical extent of the systems, and describ e the services available. In addition opportunities to leverage existing investments and precipitate cost go out be identified. BNetwork Commonality and VarianceAccording to the network diagrams provided for each facility by Huffman there are some consistencies among the various facilities. The molybdenum and Ohio office locations occurrently have an Avaya Digital Phone System installed that communicates through the use of a token-ring. Similarly the Missouri and Ohio plant locations have commonality by employing a token-ring to enable communication of several analog handset terminals to a mainframe. In the plant all of the phones also communicate through the token-ring without the benefit of any type of digital phone system. Other consistencies, albeit to a lesser extent, ca... ... manage all types of digital communication. Huffman would need to consider how much disparagement has occurred for each of the current hardware assets (ie. PBXs, handsets, etc) by location in order to identify a phased approach that would minimize disruption and maximize savings potential. For example, if a PBX at the Missouri office has recently been purchased and has several years before being fully depreciated then the company may want to consider prioritizing other facility first. trustworthy components such as scanners will still require a analog TDM gateway which means this will have to be considered in any proposed network design. IIReferences VoIP. (n.d.). The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved May 28, 2007, from Dictionary.com website http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/VoIP Huffman Trucking Telephony Systems Analysis Essay -- Business AnalysisAPhysical Location Background Huffman Trucking has offices paired with plants in four states California, Missouri, New Jersey, and Ohio. Huffman has grown both organically and through acquisition. The tremendous growth experi enced by the company has also shined the light on some growing pains. Each of the four locations have independently managed networks including telephony which has resulted in disconnected systems that require independent investment for upgrades, support, and maintenance and lacks the ability to leverage investments across the organization. The end result includes multiple proprietary telephony platforms and gateways that leave the organization unable to reduce overhead cost in this area. There is some good news found in some levels of common platforms among several locations. The focus of this paper will be to identify the common strengths regarding the types of systems, define the physical extent of the systems, and describe the services available. In addition opportunities to leverage existing investments and reduce cost will be identified. BNetwork Commonality and VarianceAccording to the network diagrams provided for each facility by Huffman there are some consistencies amo ng the various facilities. The Missouri and Ohio office locations currently have an Avaya Digital Phone System installed that communicates through the use of a token-ring. Similarly the Missouri and Ohio plant locations have commonality by employing a token-ring to enable communication of several analog handset terminals to a mainframe. In the plant all of the phones also communicate through the token-ring without the benefit of any type of digital phone system. Other consistencies, albeit to a lesser extent, ca... ... manage all types of digital communication. Huffman would need to consider how much depreciation has occurred for each of the current hardware assets (ie. PBXs, handsets, etc) by location in order to identify a phased approach that would minimize disruption and maximize savings potential. For example, if a PBX at the Missouri office has recently been purchased and has several years before being fully depreciated then the company may want to consider prioritizing another facility first. Certain components such as scanners will still require a analog TDM gateway which means this will have to be considered in any proposed network design. IIReferences VoIP. (n.d.). The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved May 28, 2007, from Dictionary.com website http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/VoIP

Style Controversy :: Writing Styles Style Essays

Style ControversyUpon completion of the both stylebooks, Strunk and White and Williams, I have found that style is much more than than whatever one sees fit for themselves. This is true at least for essay piece of writing not inevitably creative writing. As with other debated subjects where guidelines are drawn as to what constitutes a good work of art, film, or music, writing has guidelines which good compositions fit into and can indeed be compared and contrasted with other works. That is not to say at that place is one way to do any essay but there are parameters which must be met and set for a paper to be critiqued. S&W would like to set up a correct way to do everything according to them there is only one right way and everything else is wrong. This authoritarian point of view on writing is scary but some of the things they say are poignant. For face when they speak of participle phrases, as I have mentioned in my first blog writing, they tell and show h ow to do this correctly and it is easily implemented. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject (13). To someone who understands what a participial phrase is along with what and where the grammatical subject of a sentence is this makes sense. It is clear, concise, and effective one can quickly look to the rule for quote and continue on with their paper. When looking for quick reference on how to fix grammar mistakes this is a good way to go about finding answers but not for a stylebook. There needs to be more discussion. It would be nice to say that good style is just correct grammar and word usage but its not so. Williams knows this and blatantly points this out in his preface of the book. He acknowledges that his book is different from stylebooks in the past mentioning that this book is not for everyone. Williams divulges secrets of the trade in an interesting although sometimes hard to grasp conversation with th e reader on all subjects of writing. This does include grammatical problems and word usage concerns but Williams explains both sides and shows how at times both good and bad aspects of writing can be right depending on the context it is used in.

Prohibition and Repeal 18th & 21st Amendments :: essays research papers fc

Prohibition Prohibition was the 18th amendment. It prohibited the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages. People would have never thought of excoriating alcohol until the 19th century (Tyrrell 16). During this time widespread crime and dismay arose. Some beneficial things did come out of this period of chaos such(prenominal) as women were able to prove themselves as people their temperance movements. During this time many things happened that led to Prohibitions strongest point and to its fall. Prohibition proved to be a failure from the start,. Prohibition was scarcely adhered to and in addition widely defied but out of this women had a chance to voice their opinions and prove themselves.Article V deals with amendments. each house or law makers can propose amendments. In order for an amendment to be passed the House of Representatives and the Senate must ratify by three quarters vote. On January 29, 1919, the Secretary of State announced that on January 16th thirty-six states had ratified the amendment and therefore it had become a part of the Constitution. Temperance movements were vital keys to the ratification of the eighteenth amendment. Temperance at first meant abstaining from distilled liquors, but later would be the complete avoidance of alcohol. Both men and women would participate in temperance across the join States. Women finally had a voice in these issues. Women temperance movements would include gathering around saloons, pharmacies, and other places that distributed alcohol that could be consumed. In these gatherings women would sing prayers, recite psalms, and acquit people to avoid drinking alcohol.Among the men of these temperance groups was a Connecticut preacher named Lymm Beecher. He was well known for his work with temperance movements. He was also known for his publishing, Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils, and Remedy of intemperance. He was a pre-prohibition modern day Reverend Jonathon Edwards by appeal ing to the deepest emotions and beliefs of his readers (Lucas 24). Ironically he moved to capital of Massachusetts and worked with Reverend Justin Edwards to unite temperance groups. Among the women of the temperance era, Francis Elizabeth Willard was probably one of the most important temperance leaders. She was born September 23, 1839 in New York. She first got her hatred towards alcohol by her father because he was a total abstainer (Lucas 32). Her interests in temperance grew when she heard stories of the Womens Crusades in Ohio. She joined a team up of crusaders in Pittsburg and later became the president of the Chicago branch of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

Prohibition and Repeal 18th & 21st Amendments :: essays research papers fc

Prohibition Prohibition was the 18th amendment. It prohibited the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages. People would have neer thought of excoriating alcohol until the 19th century (Tyrrell 16). During this time widespread crime and dismay arose. Some beneficial things did come out of this period of chaos much(prenominal) as women were able to prove themselves as people their temperance movements. During this time many things happened that led to Prohibitions strongest point and to its fall. Prohibition proved to be a failure from the start,. Prohibition was scarcely adhered to and also widely defied but out of this women had a chance to voice their opinions and prove themselves.Article V deals with amendments. every house or law makers can propose amendments. In order for an amendment to be passed the House of Representatives and the Senate must ratify by three quarters vote. On January 29, 1919, the Secretary of State announced that on January 16th thirty-six state s had ratified the amendment and therefore it had become a part of the Constitution. Temperance movements were vital keys to the ratification of the eighteenth amendment. Temperance at first meant abstaining from distilled liquors, but later would be the complete avoidance of alcohol. Both men and women would participate in temperance across the join States. Women finally had a voice in these issues. Women temperance movements would include gathering around saloons, pharmacies, and other places that distributed alcohol that could be consumed. In these gatherings women would sing prayers, recite psalms, and stockpile people to avoid drinking alcohol.Among the men of these temperance groups was a Connecticut preacher named Lymm Beecher. He was well known for his work with temperance movements. He was also known for his publishing, Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evils, and Remedy of intemperance. He was a pre-prohibition modern day Reverend Jonathon Edwards by appealing to the deepest emotions and beliefs of his readers (Lucas 24). Ironically he moved to capital of Massachusetts and worked with Reverend Justin Edwards to unite temperance groups. Among the women of the temperance era, Francis Elizabeth Willard was probably one of the most important temperance leaders. She was born September 23, 1839 in New York. She first got her curse towards alcohol by her father because he was a total abstainer (Lucas 32). Her interests in temperance grew when she heard stories of the Womens Crusades in Ohio. She joined a police squad of crusaders in Pittsburg and later became the president of the Chicago branch of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).

Lampara Multi-Purpose Cooperative (LMPC) Essay

I. INTRODUCTIONLampara Multi-Purpose Cooperative (LMPC), registered with the Cooperative Development Authority on June 12, 2007 with Registration No. D-623-6240 has been organized to abet people maximize their potentials to live a healthy, productive life and in the process become responsible members of Society. LMPC educates its members to earn and save the cooperative way.LMPC has recently sourced discover an exclusive establishments Provider for healthy, nutritious and highly oxygenized Anti-Oxidant Pi water transcription originally researched and developed in Japan and enhanced in Korea. This newly structured Pi wet arrangings Provider has upgraded its Pi pissing placement with US-made 16-stages Synergy machine that makes the Pi water an anti-oxidant water and with the German Technology oxygen-generating machine developed by the Department of Science and Technology.The Pi water produced by the system has been tested to have an even higher effect than any of the Pi wet in troduced in the Philippines to date due to its unique qualities and characteristics presented below.LMPC is now ready to distribute domestically and internationally the AQUAPORIN PI piss SYSTEM equipped with the latest technology in Pi pee system. The investors in the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water successor Station will be assured of a profitable, unique, and healthy commerce venture.II. QUALITIES OF THE AQUAPORIN PI WATERAquaporin Pi Water has been synergized by the Bio-Nano technology to produce an even reduced water molecule clusters for greater absorption and interaction by the cells of the body, higher water-based mineral contents because of its mineral enhancer cartridge that produces a stable alkaline water with pH 7.8 on the meter, greater energy enhanced by its furthermost infrargond cartridges and higher oxygen content with its DOST-developed oxygen generating machine. It has been further powered by a Synergy machine that makes the water an anti-oxidant water. Thes e qualities of the Aquaporin Pi Water will ensure that the water we drink is healthy, nutritious, energized and contains higher level of oxygen like no other.III. ADVANTAGES OF PURCHASING AN AQUAPORIN ANTIOXIDANT PI WATER REFILLING STATION1. The Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water Refilling System aims to optimize return of investment employing the marketing strategies adopted by LMPC. Once established, the Aquaporin Pi Water Refilling Station (APWRS) becomes a stage of LMPC to serve as the center of operation and marketing service for its members. paginate 12. The Systems flagship (Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Waters) characteristics are3.1 It has the most minimal piping problems with 50 years warranty on parts. The materials used are guaranteed to survive ageing, cracking, breakage from pressure and bumps, and many more2.2 It employs commercial filtration and machineries in processing alkaline, mineralized and Synergized Bio-Nano Pi Waters that is capable of producing an anti-oxidant wate r 2.3 It incorporates the latest technology called OPS or Oxygen Processing System that wasDepartment of Science and Technology (DOST) tested to have high undecomposed health effect2.4 Its system-parts passed all standards for safe-drinking water 2.5 Each system installed is registered in the Bureau of Health Devices and Technology (BHDT) of the Department of Health for system certification and formation of quality and functionality 2.6 The system produces super fine water because of its nano-tech filters that renders water clusters smaller and full of energy2.7 The systems use the highest quality materials to ascertain quality production 2.8 altogether system parts are brand new. Not a single part is reconditioned or second hand. These parts are not available tuppeny unless reconditioned. Beware of companies that offer very cheap systems2.9 System parts and labor has ONE (1) YEAR WARRANTY2.10 Special technologies applied are exclusive and are not available in other systems 2.11 The Aquaporin Pi Water business put up by the investor is not just a profit entity, rather, its business is banking on a mission to help share better health and MAKE A DIFFERENCE in the lives of people.2.11 When the investor decides to put up the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Refilling Station he is practically creating a niche in the market resolving any potential direct competition.2 We offer maximum training of business standardization and operations to make sure that the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Refilling Station (AAPWRS) owners are well equipped to operate, manage and hemorrhage his business like a professional water refilling station operator.3 Investor may opt to make his AAP Water Refilling Station to the full automated and computerized with a minimal additional cost (see Feasibility Study/ROI attached)4 The Systems Provider of APPWRS is composed of a team of professional engineers and exclusive contractors whose expertness comes from years of water treatment e xperiences aimed to GUARANTEE quality products, work and installations.IV. SERVICES TO ASSURE INVESTORS OF A PROFITABLE, UNIQUE AND HEALTHY BUSINESS VENTURE1. Consultancy and Planning (1 calendar month Management Program)1.1 Conduct a research and feasibility of the business in the specified area of operation2.2 service in the design of the Station renovation, plan specifications, like floor plan, electrical plan, appearance and imaging, etc. 2.3 Assist in business registrations, legal documentations of the company and accounting servicesPage 22.4 Assist in the design of business concepts, logo, marketing materials, advertisements and other business forms 2.5 Manage and teach the business for one month to make sure that all systems go smoothly and correctly.2. Standardization2.1 Documentation of business operations3.6 Forms and compliances3.7 Business software and programming3. Training3.1 Technical training operation of the system, maintenance, basic trouble dig proper handlin g of waters, etc.4.8 High standard operations and qality commission4.9 Basic bookkeeping, accounting and compliances4.10 Sales and marketing strategies and operations4.11 Quality assurance management4.12 Manpower and hiring4.13 Quality divine service and customer services management4. 24/7 on-line helpdesk and assistance.V. APPWRS will be the LMPC BRANCHES AND SATELLITE OFFICESThe Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Station (APPWRS) shall become LMPCs branches and/or satellite offices in the area. Only one (1) APPWRS will be established in a Municipality &/or regularise in big cities and Provinces. The LMPC program with its diversified sources of livelihood that are synergistically integrated to achieve a healthy, productive and responsible members of Society using the cooperative system of relationship will be implemented in all the areas of operation of APPWRS.VI. AQUAPORIN ANTI-OXIDANT PI-WATER SYSTEM COMPONENT1. The 3-in-1 Pi Filtration System the complete Commercial Pi-producing Water System fully automated and computerized* Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yield three (3) types of waters (details of these machineries will be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract)* Oxygenated extremist fair Mineral Water* Oxygenated UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Water* Oxygenated UF Sterilized Bio-Nano Alkaline Antioxidant concentrated (Oz3) synergized Water.* High-end, Long-lasting Piping System* Initial Bottle InventoryPage 3* Station Filling Equipment* Station Signage* 3-monthMaintenance Inventory* 1-month business management program* Down Payment for the cost of 1 unit of van for delivery.* assistant in all aspects of services defined in accompaniment IV.* Fully Automated filter-change indicator and computerized cleaning system * And many more . . .2. 3-in-1 Pi Filtration System the Standard Commercial Computerized Pi-producing Water System.* Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yiel d three (3) types of waters (details of these machineries will be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract)* Oxygenated Ultra Fine Mineral Water* Oxygenated UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Water* Oxygenated UF Sterilized Bio-Nano Alkaline Antioxidant concentrated (Oz3) synergized Water.* Fully Automated filter-change indicator* High-end, Long-lasting Piping System* Initial Bottle Inventory* Station Filling Equipment* Station Signage* 3-monthMaintenance Inventory* 1-month business management program* Down Payment for the cost of 1 unit of FB van for delivery.* Assistance in all aspects of services defined in Item IV.* And many more . . .3. Basic Home Pi Filtration System which may be used for personal and homepurposes producing 2 types of waters (details to be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract for the APWRS) this Personal social unit Aquaporin Pi Water System will exclusively be distributed by the APWRS.* Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yield two (2) types of waters* Super Fine Mineral Water* Highly Oxygenized UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Pi Water* High-end, Long-lasting Piping System* Assistance in all aspects of services defined in Item IV.Page 4* 24/7 on-line helpdesk and assistance* Basic Pi Filtration System owners may opt to become satellite servicing office for LMPC * And many more . . .VII. PRICES1. Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water Refilling Station with the 3-in-1 Complete Fully Automated and Computerized commercial Pi Filtration System with components described in Item VI-1 and services stated in Item V, costs ONE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P1,750,000.00) only, exclusive of site/ mess renovation/construction and 12% VAT.2. Aquaporin Antioxidant Water Refilling Station with the 3-in-1 Pi Filtration standard commercial Pi-producing Water System with components described in Item VI-2 and services stated in Item V, costs ON E MILLION SIX HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P1,650,000.00) only3. Aquaporin Basic Home Pi Filtration System for personal or home use with the 2-in-1 Pi Filtration System and with components described in VI-2 wouldcost ONE HUNDRED TWENTY THOUSAND PESOS (P120,000.00).VIII. INSTALLATION1. Investor must have signed the Memorandum of Agreement for the Installation of the machines at the site or localization principle of the business and payment of at least THIRTY pct (30%) of the total contract price2. Water sample taken from the site/location of the Station must be submitted for analysis and potability3. Prior to installation, the site/location of the Station would have been inspected by an engineer from the Systems Provider.4. One (1) week before the date of Installation, additional TWENTY PERCENT (20%) of total contract price must be remitted to LMPC, another TWENTY PERCENT (20%) upon installation and full payment within one (1) month after installation.5. Faade of the Aquaporin An tioxidant Pi Water Refilling Station must conform with standard appearance prescribed by the Systems provider.

For Colored Girls

For Colored Girls who have considered Suicide when the Rainbow is Enuf. Topic For Colored Girls who have considered Suicide when the Rainbow is Enuf, is a book intimately womens perspective on keep and how they way view men, which have hurt them, step them, and how they react and live on it I. All women feel at some point in their life its hard chawing with men, life and descrimation, but black women feel they have it hard than most. II. Body A.Black womens outlook on men and how they feel mistreated 1. Family a. Father b. Boyfriends c. Husbands 2. Black women always have always had problems with men, not just black men but all men, as they feel in the book. d. not just black men but any man, hurt them as one has a father of a different ethnic. e. They as well have to deal with the lies and abandonment. III. 3. The women in my book deal with growing up black in the 1960s and 70s. 4. The women in my book also deal with men treating them badly. 5.They also how they are to deal wi th the hard things in their life, wither its dancing or praying to God. 6. They also deal with rape. Conclusion. For Colored Girls who have considered Suicide when the Rainbow is Enuf, is a book about womens perspective on life and how they way view men, which have hurt them, mistreated them, and how they react and live on it. And when they find God grit into their lives they understand they didnt have to go through all of that alone, but that they had God and they had each other.

Renaissance And Enlightenment

Blair and Games wanted to grow the appreciation for British literature, and Campbell wanted to give the appropriate insights of side philosophy (peg 170). Yet, Britain, during this time was growing as an empire in the world, and wanted to be recognized for its language ND institutions they made, to be equal to all of Europe. George Campbell recreate in the scientific site of hot air of a humans mind, is close to Plats speculations about psyche in which each part gives out its own rhetoric (peg. 184). Whitely saw that rhetoric would be the center of arguments.He felt that rhetoric would dominate in arguments that involved concerns and skills (174). Belletristic Movements, however, were interested in the language of rhetoric, much the likes of Georgia and Longings. The 18th century sees rhetoric at the head of educational concerns. Going through chapter 8 of the textbook, it appears that rhetoric really never died out. It Just evolved into the near phase that it was needed in. Yet, we see still, that rhetoric is still studied Just as the people in Greece apply it. It has become apparent that no military issue how rhetoric changes, people still use rhetoric as it was intended.These people are Just merely trying to find ways to enhance its abilities so it eject be used throughout the country, and be shared with others. Warwick indicates that rhetoric shifts from producing public discourse, to enhancing its consumption (peg. 184). Rhetoric, during the time of the renaissance, was used as a subject of remove (peg 160). During this period, rhetoric was how people were educated. There was a movement ben as the Italian Humanism, that helped with rhetorics influence between 1300 and 1750 (peg 50). Rhetoric was given attention by all beta(p) figure like, Patriarch and Villa.Due to their attention to this subject it grew the status of rhetoric immensely, because of their status in society. These people used rhetoric as a way to argue against philosophical think ing. Going back to Humanism it mixed principles from Christianity. It led to a search for new education. They ended up apply rhetoric as a way to question the status quo (153). Patriarch, was one and only(a) of many figures during the renaissance, who used rhetoric to refine culture. Rhetoric raised to a place of high importance by humanists because of what rhetoric was capable of doing.It gave the potential to give new insight and it was able to preserve future values (160). Due to Cicerones findings, Patriarch was big in liberalist arts, and the life of political involvement. Rhetoric was able to help form an effective government during the renaissance. The renaissance, was probably the most substantial time for rhetoric. It was at its peak and used by public figures everywhere. There was never a greater time for rhetoric because it was used in importance, such(prenominal) as education, probably the most important subject of all.Also, as the book states, rhetoric was used in m ore political terms like Cicero attempted to do. Thanks to the renaissance, rhetoric lived on and was taught throughout the years. There were four main ideas during these two eras that coincide with each other. The first two would be the education that went on during the renaissance era, and enlightenment era. These two subjects were ample for these eras. Along with, the differences between Whiteys view on rhetoric and George Campbell view on rhetoric.Their different view on what rhetoric is, their ideas, middling much made their ruin eras. Whitley believe that rhetoric was really an art. Whitely to a fault connects rhetoric with logic by defining argumentative composition as an offshoot of logic (World Press). Whitley also, believed that rhetoric could be used for evil purposes Just like Cicero did. This connects back to Augustine argument that rhetoric is to be sustained thin the church so it may not be able to be used with evil intentions. There is no amount of success that any student will have when studying rhetoric.In Wattles own words, acquire more doesnt teach you to think well but that thinking well will help you to learn more (World Press). Whitley viewed that in order to know the educational side of rhetoric it has to be comprised exercises that are relevant to students studies, current events, and personal lives. Whitely argues that the systems help to improve natural abilities but they cannot supersede natural ability. Once a student has learned the system, he can manipulate it, but this again does not mean that his ability has improved (World Press). I believe in what Whitley believes in. I can see how rhetoric could be used for evil, if it was virtuallything that was so powerful among society back in his time. I also believe in his teachings, or at least the way rhetoric should be taught. It is in my understanding since taking this course, that rhetoric is a difficult subject to understand. The way that Whitley views rhetoric, it is not s omething that can be taught through a book. For someone to understand rhetoric they have to be taught wrought real life. Through trial and error, with examples or situations on using it properly.Campbell, on the other hand, believed reasoning is a natural part of rhetoric. Rhetoric begins with the search for truth and then proceeds to persuasion, the attempt to move the will to respectable action. See, what Campbell saw rhetoric as, was the scientific side of it. He did not believe it could be used for evil like Whitley believed. According to our book, George Campbell was one of the most important rhetorical theorists of the 18th century (peg. 179). Campbell was open to new ideas, ND intended to develop a new rhetoric that incorporated insights of the prescience period (peg. 79). He thought that he was laying a foundation of classical rhetoric, and hoped to one day be able to move past those traditions and create something his own. Campbell advanced beyond traditional scientific r hetoric, but science meant something different for him. The one thing, that Campbell and Whitley disagreed on, was argumentation. Whitley did not care about the larger philosophical issues on rhetoric. Whitley was always focused on the issues of argument (peg 182). He was most known for his concussion of types of argument and debate (peg. 182).Whereas Campbell, was only concerned to understand how the mind works. He believed that if you understood a persons mind, you had escort over them. On this bases I truly agree with Campbell on the thoughts of argumentation. Reason being is I truly think that if someone knows someone mind, and knows how they thing, they ultimately know what makes a person tick. They will truly know the best way to win argumentation with another person, in the quickest way possible. Each person, during an argument, has some sort of weakness, a click that when shushed by someone else will ultimately give up.When knowing a way someone thinks, you can reach that place a lot quicker than others. The foresight era and Renaissance era, are two very different periods in history. The Renaissance era is put with the advances of genuine subjects. Such as literature, architecture, humanism, and world economy. Meanwhile Enlightenment era advanced, different scientific methods, industrialization, rationality, astronomy, and calculus (wise geek). While doing some research on both eras one name in particular kept coming up. His name, Marcus Tulips Cicero.It was through him that the thinkers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment discovered the riches of Classical rhetoric. In the Enlightenment era, public figures, such as George Campbell, used some of Cicerones works to help shape his own way of thinking. He helped guide the Scottish (though Celtic might be better since we need to include at least one Irishman in this list) Enlightenment and Common Sense movement of the 18th century. Cicerones influence hung over Home, Burke, and Smith (Briber). Cicero also influenced a man named Giovanni Vice. A rhetorician also, in his days.Vice found inspiration for this theory in Cicero and the rhetorical tradition rather than in the philosophers and logicians. Most of what the Enlightenment era took from Cicero, was his thinking of natural law. He helped develop their systems, due to his also theory on rhetoric. Cicerones main influence though, was during the Renaissance era. His Ciceronian influence was around and marked during the Renaissance, it was limited to a degree. Like the Enlightenment era, his influence during these times was derived from a very small number of his works. Most notably for both eras, De Invention (peg 43).Following the Hellenic sophists, Cicero represents language as the force that led humanity out of the wilderness into civilization, a political force through public speech that allowed peoples to make laws for themselves (peg. 149). This is at one time associated with the Enlightenment era, because the Enlighte nment era took language, and used it in argumentative rhetoric fashion. So, in essence the Enlightenment era used knowledge from the Renaissance era. Cicero, also had much influence on young philosophers/rhetoricians in the Renaissance era. Patriarch, used Cicero as a tool towards his own greatness.He studied Cicerones readings and added them to his literary education. Cicerones rhetoric was the rudimentary to Italys return to greatness (peg. 1 52). Villa sought to broaden the conception of proper Latin beyond the model established by Cicero (peg. 154). So in turn, he used Cicero as a starting block, which most rhetoricians did in these days, and try to go beyond what he had started. Lastly, Cicero had effect on the two written books, A Treatise of Schemes and Tropes, The Art or Craft of Rhetoric, and The Rate of Rhetoric (peg. 159). These were all key pieces of rhetorical text in this day and age.All of which used Cicerones views as a way to teach and provide information, in these books. I believe that rhetoric, was important as can be for these two periods. Not Just, Cicerones views on rhetoric, but everyones views that were important rhetoricians in this world, were used to shape those periods. I also, feel that at these times, the importance of education started to come about more. It would seem that at these times, people were better educated than in past years. In my personal opinion though, I think the Enlightenment era would be a personal ducky of mine.The season being the Enlightenment era was all about argumentation. The book explains on how, that in that time, they used rhetoric as a way to win arguments. In my mind that is pretty fascinating because I do believe arguments are necessary in life. I really enjoyed though, how both eras used Cicero. He is by far my favorite rhetorician, and I feel that it is why, the two eras were so successful and important in history. His views helped shaped two eras, and help them be successful, and in my mind the se eras were very successful, at leading the future to where we are today. Work Cited

King of Hearts

The film King of Hearts directed by Philippe De Broca, is a quirky and humorous comment on the futility of struggle and a reflection on who is more berserk, the inmates of an insane asylum or the sane people of the alfresco human being where men kill men for seemingly no reason.This film is an anti-war allegory, set towards the end of World War I that depicts the madness of war. It clearly illustrates the futility of war through the use of humor. Charles Plumpick is a Scottish soldier who is sent to a French village to diffuse any active bombs that may have been place by the retreating Germans. He finds the village populated by quirky villagers who are actually the inmates of a mental asylum.They crown him the King of Hearts and present him with a bride and readily accept him into their midst. War is raging outside the walls of the village where death and conflict abound. The pointlessness of the war outside is made more poignant by the fantasy world inside the village walls. If insane people from a mental asylum can live harmoniously then the world at large definitely has no use for war.The viewer is left wondering as to who is more insane, the inmates of the asylum or the warring people of the world. In this reputation of the madness of war, the inmates of the asylum seem more rational. The film uses a lot of symbolism to depict this strange world we live in. Even the scrapperine of the film with whom the hero falls in love with is a tight-rope walker, symbolizing the tight-rope that people straddle in trying to make sense out of this seemingly sane world. nappy humor is tellingly used to drive home the point.The people are amiably mad but not crazy. Although they happily live out their monastic lives, they are not unaware of the grim reality of the outside world. At one point Plumpick does try to ride outside on horse suffer to tactile sensation for help but the people call him back. Towards the end of the film the people, weary of the game they we re playing in trying to populate the village, discard the costumes they had donned and walk back into the asylum. This is a serious quiet scene where the asylum inmates reject the madness of the sane world. A chastened Plumpick also joins them, symbolically divesting himself of all paraphernalia and clothes that fetter him to the sane world.The world outside is a world without reason where men killed men. The senseless killing of wartime is illustrated when the two warring sides kill off each opposite in the streets of the village. The opposing forces symbolically wipe out themselves. The fantasy world inside the walls of the village with its child-like innocence and wonder further drives home the unreasonableness of the outside world where hostile warring forces are unleashing terror. The many philosophical moments in the film force the viewer to think deeply of the possibility of a world where capital of New Hampshire and peace reigns.This story of the madness of war would hold true in all times and societies where it may be based. The innocence and startling wisdom of the insane also make a viewer reflect on the pressing need for a saner and more peaceful world. The film is ultimately a with child(p) film where gentle humor is effectively used to drive home the futility of war.References The Internet Movie Database. Roi De Coeur, Le (1966). Retrieved on Aug 14, 2008, from http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0060908/

Environment Human Health

A few solutions that has already been implemented is recycling (the reduce and reuse affect), use sees chemicals such(prenominal) as coal, or gasoline, and to improve more slew about what is going on with our planet. When did our planet create recycling? Recycling dates back to BBC to current day. everywhere the centuries we have grown and matured in how to recycle. This includes how we collect rainwater to how we dispose of our bowels. During and after the World War II, the United States became more involved in recycling.Instead of everlastingly dumping waste into landfills or into our water source we started to make our oils and gasoline more economically safe. In our gasoline and oils we took out chemical that killed most children and that chemical was mince. Lead was very common in homes dated before the late asss. It was used in paint. Most children are attracted to color and are prone to displace things into their mouths. In older homes when paint started to chip and chi ldren saw it they would pull it and put it into their mouths.This caused a lot of deaths and poisonings. The United States helped to reduce this by banning the use of lead paint in the early asss late asss (Wendy Koch LISA, Today 5/18/2012). In order to inform our nation of what was happening to young children, we had o educate them. The United States communities have provided education programs that are active in the community to help establish problems such as the lead poisonings and air pollution.Problems such as this will only be addressed to areas where resources such as television, Internet or newspapers are available. If a country lacks these supplies they will not know what give the gate harm them or what is harming our planet. This video The Link between Air Pollution, Lead Poisoning and Aggressive Behaviors stood out to me the most because this is something that concerns me the most. The fact that a lot of people around the globe are not educated about what happens in our environment can become detrimental to our planet.

Spirituality through community

In cathedral, Raymond Carver wrote the story of an unnamed male storyteller who describes a visit from Robert, a blind male friend of his wife. Roberts arrival and stay in the bank clerks home causes the narrator to abandon his stereotypes just about blind people and to understand himself better. Carver, through his story, claims that in order to be free we must detach ourselves from stereotypes and focus on self understanding. Carver uses Cathedral as the title for his story in order to emphasize that the process of completing a cathedral is more important than the end result, which could take approximately one hundred years.In the process of drawing a cathedral with the blind man, the narrator, putting himself in Roberts shoes, is enlightened while a pregnant relationship develops between the two men. The narrator goes through a process of transformation. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is very much against Roberts visit. Jealousy and aversion seem to overcome him . His wifes fondness for Robert and their close friendship that has spanned thousand of miles and ten years bothers him.Furthermore, the stereotypical image that he has built in his mind about blind men hinders him from welcoming Robert into his home and into his life. However, things change as the narrator and Robert begin on a quest to draw a cathedral. The end result is not the cathedral drawn but the feeling that overcomes the narrator after having embarked on the process.The narrators new found soul would not have come about if not for the process. By drawing, the narrator is able to experience different feelings that have been alien to him before. Even with eyes closed, the narrator still succeeds in producing the cathedral. This demonstrates that the value is not in the final fruit but in the transit that one undergoes to reach it. It is not the end product that heightens spirituality in an individual it is the journey that allows a person to reach further.It is not the en d product but the journey that allows the person to experience. Without the process, there volition be no experience. Looking at someone elses impart is far different from producing the work. One appreciates the end product more if he realizes the work that goes into producing it. The story of Cathedral clearly demonstrates such. The narrator had difficulty describing the cathedrals that were shown on television. This was because he had little understanding and experience in cathedrals. As the narrator said, I open firet tell you what a cathedral looks like.It just isnt in me to do it. I cant do any more than Ive done. His difficulty stems not from his inability to see the cathedral it comes from his lack of experience and understanding of what a cathedral is and what it stands for. The narrator sees no value in cathedrals. He said, The truth is, cathedrals dont mean anything special to me. Nothing. Cathedrals. Theyre something to look at on late-night TV. Thats all they are. How ever, having embarked on the process of drawing a cathedral, the narrator is able to experience. He is able to build a new perspective on things. This goes to show that it is not the end result but the journey to it that really matters.

His fiend-Like Queen” is Malcolm’s View of Lady Macbeth at the End of the Play Essay

Act 1 Scene 5 is the beginning(a) shot where you foregather dame Macbeth. In this scene we are told a lot about bird Macbeths consultation and her relationship with economize, Macbeth. The scene opens with bird Macbeth reading a letter from Macbeth, which produces our attention to two main points. Firstly, chick Macbeth is literate, which was in truth(prenominal) unusual at the time and tells us that she may be a well-educated character. Secondly, it shows us that she is very close to her keep up it wasnt a common thing to write to your wife from the battlefield because many generals didnt have the time, but Macbeth has made the time to do this. The content of the letter as well as shows us a lot Macbeth tells his wife everything that happened to him in his encounter of the witches, which shows us that he is sufficient to trust his wife.In the letter Macbeth tells his wife that the witches said, Hail fag that shalt be When maam Macbeth reads this her groundsghts, jus t want Macbeths, jump straight to murder that which rather thou dost fear to do/Than wishest should be done. brothel keeper Macbeth is determined that Macbeth shall be king and never actually mentions what she will gain from this, Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/What thou art promised. bird Macbeth appears to k at a time her husband well, yet do I fear thy nature, /It is too full o th milk of human kindness. This also tells us a lot about Lady Macbeth herself even after(prenominal) Macbeth has been on the battlefield killing hundreds, most people would converge the fact that he could hail home and be kind as a gravid thing, but Lady Macbeth sees this as his weakness. This is call uping very much like the witches foul is fair, and fair is foul.Lady Macbeths character has many attributes, which may be associated with evil and which is, in turn, part of the witches characters. The first of these is the fact that Lady Macbeth is very manipulative That I may pour my har d drink in thine ear. She speaks of the Raven which is a bird associated with death. When she hears that Duncan will be access to the citadel she immediately thinks that this is the perfect opportunity to kill him, she refers to the fatal entrance of Duncan. She calls to the spirits for help Come you spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here. suck in thick my blood, / Stop up th access and passage to remorse. Come to my fair sexs breast/And take my milk for gall, In this deliverance she is postulation the spirits to take her womanly tendencies away from her so that she is adequate to kill Duncan without tint remorse and without those feminine feelings or attributes that may weaken her.In Shakespeares time witches were linked with the devil and gave away their femininity when they linked themselves to him, on that pointfore when Lady Macbeth willingly asks for her feminine characteristics to be taken from her feature body, she links herself to the supernatural, and therefore the witches. The speech also tells us that Lady Macbeth doesnt believe that she is normally subject to kill someone she thinks that this is the only way she will be able to do it and is trying to convince herself that she is evil throughout the scene.What is said in this speech is very similar to the one Macbeth influences, when he asks himself to non think about the treason and murder he is committing. This makes another link amid Macbeth and his wife when Lady Macbeth says Come thick night/And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. This line shows us a lot, first that it reflects Macbeths, Let not light see my black and deep desires. The fact that she speaks of night links her to the witches, since night is the witches element. This line also links her subtly to the main dark themes of the butterfly.Lady Macbeth has a very noticeable character and is very ruleling, which was a characteristic uncommon at the time and you shall retch/This nights great business into my dispatch. She is victorious everything into her own hands and seeing all the opportunities she has at that moment, but is damping to see further than that, to the consequences that may come about from her actions.In this scene Lady Macbeth does come across as having an evil nature. She is manipulative and is able to think about killing someone without much second thought, as well as able to link herself to the supernatural and destroy her feminine body in search of a greater power.In scene 6 Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle in Inverness. In this scene the first thing the reader realises once you have read it is the dramatic irony in it Duncan says The air / Nimbly and sweet recommends itself/Unto our gentle senses and is talk about how nice the castle is when he is in fact very unsafe at Macbeths castle.This scene is also a very good example of Lady Macbeths deceiving abilities she is sweet-talking Duncan and being kind, All our service, /In every point twice done t husly doubled and To make their audit at your Highness pleasure she is being the perfect hostess. She is almost over doing the acting in the way she is flattering him so much, Still to submit your own. Lady Macbeth is very two faced and hypocritical in this scene We rest your Hermits. She is taking up Duncans reference to prayer, How you shall bid immortal ild us for your pains, and this is hypocritical because of the prayers that she made to the spirits/That tend on mortal thoughts about taking away her womanly aspects.Scene 7 opens with Macbeth contemplating the jut to murder Duncan. He comes up with three strong reasons why he shouldnt kill him First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, /Strong both against the routine then, as his host, but there is solace a present desire to be King. Lady Macbeth then comes into the scene and does not like what Macbeth is saying.She starts by putt him on the back foot by answering his questions with much questionsMacbeth How now? What ne ws?Lady Macbeth He has almost supped. Why have you left the sleeping room?Macbeth Hath he asked for me?Lady Macbeth Know you not he has?This is where Macbeth tries to take charge and tells lady Macbeth They will proceed no further in this business and he tells her that he is happy, I have bought/ Golden opinions from all sorts of people. She doesnt take this into account and starts attacking. She starts by emotionally black mailing him, questioning his recognise for her, Such I account thy love, inquire that, if he says that he wishes to be King and then take it back, how can she trust that he genuinely does love her when he says it. She then attacks his ego, suggesting he is a coward even after he has come back from killing thousands of people on the battlefield Wouldst thou have that/Which thou esteemst the ornament of life, /And live a coward in thine own esteem.She compares him to the cat, which would never go for the fish, Like the poor cat Ithage? She is asking him a rheto rical question, putting the thought into his head that he has the desire but not the guts to seize his dreams. She then attacks his manhood What beast wast then? That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man / And to be more then what you were, you would be so much more the man. Then to prove her point further, and show us the length she is forcing herself mentally to convince herself she is truly evil, she presents this horrible image How tendertis to love the babe that milks me-I would man it was smiling in my face Have plucked my nipple from its boneless gums, and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done. after(prenominal) this Lady Macbeth manages to sway Macbeth back to the murder with her certaintyMacbeth If we should fail?Lady Macbeth We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail.She is almost treat him with the we fail? making him feel small with the suggestion of it. Then she asserts her contr ol over him again with And well not fail.She then shows us how she is a practical by explaining her computer program to Macbeth His spongy officers, who shall bar the guilt / Of our great quell? This speech real convinces Macbeth to go through with the murder and proves once again that, at this point, Lady Macbeth really does have control over Macbeth.This scene shows that Lady Macbeth has many evil traits she is manipulative and controlling. She is also a very practical woman with her plan.Act 2 Scene 2 opens up with a short soliloquy from Lady Macbeth and the content of this soliloquy is quite contradictory whereas in Act 1 where Lady Macbeth comes across as very confident, here she says What hath quenched them hath instaln me fire suggesting that maybe she isnt a naturally confident person and is trying to be. She comes across as being nervous and jumpy, Hark Peace It was the owl that shrieked. She lacks confidence in her husband Th attempt and not the deed Confounds us. Just from earreach Macbeth say, Whos there? What ho she jumps to the conclusion they have failed in plan.Next we see a whole new perspective to Lady Macbeth Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. This is proof that maybe Lady Macbeth has a heart and is not the cold heartless person she tries to make herself out to be. This is also an example of her stupidity she doesnt make the connection between what she says and what she does.Lady Macbeth isnt a very understanding woman, another mutual opposition that she isnt very clever when Macbeth comes in he is traumatized by what he has just done, instead of Lady Macbeth being caring and understanding she gets angry at him, Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there. Go carry them, and smear / The sleepy grooms with blood. When Macbeth looks at his bloody hands and says, This is a sorry sight. Lady Macbeth replies with A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight. That is also a sign of her practicality sh e is trying to get Macbeth to not dwell on his thoughts. Then there is also another sign of nervousness between them both with the short exchanges when they first meetMacbeth When?Lady Macbeth Now.Macbeth As I descended?Lady Macbeth Ay.Lady Macbeth isnt very understanding at all of what her husband is going through and tells him, Consider it not so deeply.In act 2 scene 3 we see examples of Lady Macbeths practicality and ability to act. The scene opens with Macduff and Lennox entering, wishing to see the King and then finding him dead. Lady Macbeth enters and we see how her acting abilities are still strong, with her pretending she has no idea what has happened Whats the business, and it comes across that she genuinely doesnt seem to have an idea about what is going on. There is the irony of Macduff transaction her, O gentle lady, when earlier we are given these horrible images by her, And dashed the brains out. She then manages to keep up the charade by coming across as horrified by the death of the King, Woe, alas / What, in our house? Macbeth then enters and starts to give these flowery speeches The wine of life is drawn, and his gashed stabs looked like a breach in nature when these are compared to the initial reaction of Macduff, O horror, horror, horror they appear to be prepared.Lady Macbeth can see this and sees how this is getting her husband into deeper trouble and she faints, drawing the attention away from her husband, another example of Lady Macbeths practicality and affection for her husband, she wishes to protect him. It is also possible that the vivid descriptions her husband has given, His fluent skin laced with his golden blood, has really shown to her what they have done and the blast of this may have caused her to faint. It may have also been due to shock in the change of her husband, before this he was a wreck at the thought of what he had done I am afraid to think what I have done. now he is able to lie with apparent ease, talking abou t the man he polish off so highly, and the guards he murdered dapple they were still sleeping. She scared at what her husband has become.By the end of act 2 we have seen cracks in Lady Macbeths visage, she is not as strong as she believes she is and she lacks the imagination to see this.In Act 3 Macbeth is now King and Lady Macbeth is the queen. The scene opens with Banquos soliloquy, then the full royal dally entering and Lady Macbeth greets Banquo with great gusto, If he had been forgotten, / It had been as a gap in our great feast. After there has been much chatter between Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo leaves and Macbeth dismisses everyone including his Dearest love before he was always with her and needed her opinion on decision and she was very much in control. Is this a suggestion that Macbeth doesnt feel he needs her guidance now or is he trying to be the man Lady Macbeth tried to suggest he wasnt? She must being feeling rather insignificant now and most probably hurt that a fter what they had just done that he could dismiss her like that.Act 3 scene 2 opens with Lady Macbeth asking permission to see her husband, Say to the King, I would attend his leisure / For a few words. This is very strange because before Lady Macbeth would never have had to ask to see her husband. Does this mean she has lost the power she had over her husband and isnt in control like she use to be? We then see that Lady Macbeth isnt the evil person she made herself out to be we see she is hurting from what has happened Tis safer to be that which we destroy, / Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. Macbeth then enters and Lady Macbeth forgets about her worries and starts trying to comfort Macbeth, whats done is done.But she isnt taking her own advice, she is, without content. Macbeth then talks about his torment and uses this vivid imagery, O full of scorpions is my mind, Macbeth then drops hints that something is going to happen, there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note. In this same speech Macbeths also uses the imagery of creatures associated with evil and death The shard-borne beetle so we can assume he is talking about the plan to kill Banquo. Lady Macbeth is properly feeling very confused at this point, before Macbeth included her in all the discussions and now she has no idea what he is talking about, Whats to be done?So by the end of this scene we have truly seen the soft and feminine side to Lady Macbeth we have also seen the first signs of her coming collapse. We have seen examples of her love for Macbeth by casting aside her own worries to try to look after him.The first key point about Act 3 scene 4 is the notable change in Lady Macbeths behaviour. In Act 1 she was very welcoming and talkative with her guests coming across as being a strong character but is this scene she has lost this strong visage, she has to be prompted to welcome her guests, Our hostess keeps her state, but in best time / We will require her welcome.After this though we are able to see some of Lady Macbeths old characteristics, when Macbeth is distracted with talking to the Murderers, Lady Macbeth notes that he is away too long and reminds him he is holding a dinner, You do not give the cheer, an example of her practicality.Soon after Macbeth he rejoins the dinner he mental state deteriorates, when he sees Banquos ghost. Lady Macbeth steps in here with her practicality and tries to bring her husband back while passing off his madness as having some sort of fit My lord is often thus, / And hath been from his youth She is finally able to bring him back by attacking his ego again by repeating the line, Are you a man? She is then fairly harsh to Macbeth mocking what he said earlier in the play, This is the air-drawn dagger which you said / Led you to Duncan. We see her lack of imagination, You look but on a stool. She is still unavailing to understand why Macbeth is suffering.Lady Macbeth is then able to bring Macbeth back to reality, where he star ts acting normal but then mentions Banquo again, this sets Macbeth off again as the ghost reappears and he goes mad. Lady Macbeth steps in once again with her practicality and gets rid of the court so she can attend to her husband and before he is able to say to much about the murders, Stand not upon the order of your going. / But go at once.When the rest of the court has left, Lady Macbeth changes her answers become short. At some point she must have realised what Macbeth had been seeing, changing how she was. Is her quietness a response to what Macbeth has become? She believed that this would only take one murder, and now Macbeth has murdered four times. She must be feeling scared, before she was very much in charge and now Macbeth is fully in control and not asking her opinions. There is already the idea of another murder in his head Strange things I have in head, That will to hand / Which must be acted ere they may be scanned.By the end of this act you can see Lady Macbeth is sc ared and she has lost the control she had over her husband. She isnt the strong character she was in Acts 1 and 2 only her practicality is left.Act 5 scene 1 is when Lady Macbeth has finally gone mad. Shakespeare gives trivial indication of time in the play, but from what we can gather a fair amount of time has passed, and over this time we can tell that he mental state has deteriorated.The scene starts off by telling us that Lady Macbeth has been sleeping walking and going through the routine of writing a letter, then reading it. I believe this refers to the letter she received from Macbeth about the witches the letter which started the whole affair off. I think that subconsciously she is wishing for everything to go back to that moment so none of this ever happened.She enters sleep walking carrying a candle and the gentlewoman says that Lady Macbeth has, light by her / continually, tis her command. This is ironic because earlier in the play Lady Macbeth says, pall thee in thy dun nest smoke of hell. So after wishing not to see the light she cant bare to be without it.There is then more irony in this scene, Out damned spot, out I say she is unable to wash the blood from her hands and to Macbeth earlier she says A little water will clear us of this deed. She almost repeats Macbeths, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hands? with the savor of the blood still all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. We can see now that she always did understand what her husband was saying, but on a subconscious level she lacked the imagination to understand when conscious.Earlier in Macbeth Lady Macbeth asked Come thick night / and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, and now she says, Hell is Murky. It appears that she is now in her own hell and it is terrifying.Throughout the scene there is more imagery of blood, we have Lady Macbeth mocking Macbeth about being upset about killing Duncan, now she is saying Who would have thou ght the man has so much blood in him.At first she acted as if she was fine and didnt have a conscience, we now see that everything had built up and has been affecting her The Thane of Fife had a wife where is she now? What, will these hands neer be clean? She is even suffering for the murders she had nothing to do with.After reading Macbeth and carefully analysing Lady Macbeths actions throughout I think we are able to feel some pity for Lady Macbeth. I think she can be blamed partly for the Tragedy of Macbeth because she did push her husband to commit the murder, but we do not fully see what her motivation for this was. My view is that she was mainly doing what she thought her husband deserved because it is obvious through the play that she is deeply in love with Macbeth. Also taking into consideration the time the play is set was it not Macbeths place to stick with what he sooner felt and tell her that they would not murder the King?I think pity grows towards her as the play goes on as the reader you can see a change in her character, which quite clearly shows us that she never intended for Macbeth to become theevil tyrant he did become.Another reason for her to be pitied is that you can see she is in pain and suffering but she ignores this to try and comfort her husband who is more open about his suffering. This drives Lady Macbeth crazy in the end, and the idea that she died because of her love for her husband is tragic.This is why I think Malcolms view of lady Macbeth, His fiend-Like Queen is unfair towards her and that it was Macbeths place to have put a stop to the murder which eventually led to both of their deaths.

Customs Union

Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement The tradition centre for Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus is a purposeful coupler, which serves to meet several aims. II. Body A. In the light of common aspiration to the WTO impr e genuinelyplace, it is exp send awayiture of examining why penchant of states was given to deep-lobed over preferential swap. B. The mood of the multilateral cooperation and domain of a common economic space, elimination of borders and regional integrating is non fresh in the post-Soviet space. 1. Putinomics an strain of Putin to position on a lower floor superstars skin back Soviet kernel and Russian supremacy 2. Eurasian articulation similar to ASEANC. In theory, custom junctions be fashiond to egest the barter barriers and decrease customs obligations betwixt several states. 1. It requires confidence in partners and per centum of responsibilities 2. single economic region D. There ar legion(predicate) diametric assumptions why custom s compass north was created. 1. supremacy of Russia over the territory of the power Soviet states 2. a strategic gait in the WTO inletion 3. reduction of Chinese influence and prevent massive imports of Chinese goods 4. beneficial for entrepreneurs and domestic production enterprises 5. hand any(prenominal) competition 6. ffective wakeless fortress against corrupt schemes and fraud mechanisms E. Several other post-Soviet neighboring states were in like manner invited to hook up with the club. 1. The Ukraine 2. Tajikistan 3. Kyrgyzstan F. It is noteworthy of saying that pre- brisk usage conglutination trade relations and economic ties cannot be describe as dynamic ones. 1. statistical numbers G. An interesting observation is that with few exceptions, all the countries bordering the Western fringes of the former Soviet wedlock suck intensified their trade relations with the European uniting as healthy as with China, whose importance in Central Asiatic trade has been gro wing. . statistical data H. official capital of Kazakhstan firmly defended its position on the customs duty trade union accession, and denied any semipolitical motivations behind the fractionship of the bond with Russia and Belarus. 1. a unified customs territory would make Kazakhstan even more attractive for alien investors 2. geopolitical position, as the massivest land-locked country 3. access to global marts 4. boom trade with Russia and China 5. diversity of economy with technological and service advances I. Belarusian position toward the tradition inwardness brought many obstacles. 1. arm-twisting politics of the Kremlin 2. Russian twingeJ. At offset it seemed that Russia benefited from mental hospital of the custom fusion more than others, as it has the largest market and biggest production industries. 1. variegation of opinions K. What does the land art Organization is? 1. a network of agreements 2. a single system, which regulates trade relations of divisi ons 3. advantages and requirements L. The determination to create the springer center among triple states could signal giveingness to engage in deeper cooperation and integration, and thus, the WTO accession provides access to more states volitioning to cooperate and a chopine for finding new friends. . advantages and disadvantages of being a fellow member of WTO M. Russia was the only Security Council and G8 member not on the WTO, thus its accession was a requirement to be fully admitted as one of the superpowers. 1. further policy of Russia toward Kazakhstan and Belarus III. Conclusion Creation of the Customs inwardness between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan caused a lot of debates about why these countries atomic number 18 forming the union, what are the benefits that they get and why exactly these states? scratch line of all, I would like to define the meaning of Customs heart and soul. According to assembly line Dictionary Customs Union is an agreementbetween two or more (usually neighboring)countries to removetrade barriers, and reduce or eliminatecustoms duty onmutual trade. A customs union ( unlike a palliate trade area) generally imposes acommon external-tariff (CTF) onimports from non-member countries and (unlike acommon market) generally does not consent tofreemovement ofcapital andlabor among member countries (Business Dictionary. com, n. d. ).In part, debates were around preference of regional over multilateral trade, as for many years Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan aspired to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) therefore, creation of the Customs Union was at first seen as an alternative to the WTO accession. However, just subsequently the ratification of the Customs Union absorb and all relevant agreements, Russia joins WTO club and leaves the rest to wonder what is going to happen to the Customs Union. The Customs Union for Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus is a purposeful union, which serves to meet several aims.In the light of common aspiration to the WTO accession, it is worth of examining why preference of states was given to multilateral over preferential trade. In particular what pre-conditions existed prior(prenominal) to the Customs Union creation that inspired Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan to create the Union and what benefits it provided that leash states could not obtain by joining the WTO only? The cerebration of the multilateral cooperation and creation of a common economic space, elimination of borders and regional integration is not new in the post-Soviet space.Adelaja (2012) asserts that a number of political scientists and former Soviet Republics believe in so called Putinomics an attempt of Putin to bring back Soviet Union and Russian supremacy (p. 1). It is difficult to label the Customs Union creation an attempt to bring back the Soviet Union and expansion of the Russian authority over the territory of the former Soviet states. However, the countries are clearly bound by the common past that unlike others (Ukraine, Turkmenistan) makes Kazakhstan and Belarus seek for cooperation with Russia. According to Eurasian Union (n. d. , another(prenominal) regional cooperation the idea of Eurasian Union belongs to Nursultan Nazarbaev, the idea is to create a union similar to ASEAN (p. 3). After collapse of the Soviet Union, states tend to isolate themselves from their post-Soviet neighbors and in particular from Russia. In part, it happens due to un provideingness to cooperate with possibly depending neighbors and also due to the aspiration to get rid of rudiments of the Soviet centralized economy that intentionally established mutual dependence of the Union states. Thus, existing regional organizations are not effective in terms of policy implementation.CIS and EurAsEC could amaze a chopine for negotiations and decision making over regional integration. However, states are loth(p) to give up their sovereignty and create supra field of study body authorized to decid e on behalf of its member states. Instead, states were defining their foreign policies depending on national interest and regional integration was not one of them. Thus, Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan could become first real and effectively operating regional cooperation body, where states would indeed execute provisions of signed agreements and declarations.In theory, customs unions are created to eliminate the trade barriers and decrease customs obligations between several states. It requires confidence in partners and share of responsibilities. Initially, the Customs Union was created and signed by Kazakhstan and Russia. Belarus was negotiating its interests with Russia and postponed ratification of the agreement until July 2011. To illustrate the advantages of the union, official media was speculating with huge market that the Customs Union opens for three states. The union has a population of 167 million, a total GDP of USD 2 cardinal and goods turnover of USD 900 billion. The aim of the Customs Union is to create a single economic region and eliminate the state borders and to facilitate the freedom of movement (Krotov, 2010, p. 1). According to Prajakti and Varadzhakov (2012), further to demonstrate that the Customs Union brings advantages not only to Russia, official media reported Kazakhstan agriculture and steel sectors provide benefit from newly introduced import duties for non-Customs Union member states (p. ). In addition, Kazakh and Belarus obtained access to Russian labor market. In general, the Customs Union agreements should piss improve quality of goods, increase competition and help diversify economies of three states. There are many different assumptions why Customs Union was created. Some see hidden agenda and conspiracy behind creation of the union. Opponents of the Customs Union claim that it only benefits Russia and establishes its supremacy over the territory of the former Soviet states.Zlatkin (2012) comments that opponents also interpret Belarus unwillingness to join the union as a rebellion against Russia, and say that in the end Belarus was forced to join the union. Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus (2012) Russian supporters say that the creation of the Customs Union was a strategic step in the WTO accession, as it was obvious that Russia will become a member first and then it will promote its partners in the WTO accession (p. 1). In the end, they add that Russia needs reliable partners and friends in the WTO and promotion of Kazakhstan and Belarus interests cool it benefits Russia.Russia, Belarus, Kazakh (2012) claim that the Customs Union was created to reduce Chinese influence and prevent massive imports of Chinese goods (p. 1). just about other reasons are less sophisticated and mostly indicate economic benefits that three states obtain from participation in the union. Eurasian Development Bank study released, that the effects of economic integration of 2011 2030 will reach 14% of gross domestic product of Belarus, 3. 5% in Kazakhstan, and Russia (2%) (Russia, Belarus, Kazakh, 2012, p. ). The Customs Union was also state to be beneficial for entrepreneurs and domestic production enterprises, as they got greater market access, fair competition and effective legal protection against corrupt schemes and fraud mechanisms. Decreased trade barriers should have contributed to the free movement of goods and services between three countries, and improved quality of products. Russia, Belarus, Kazakh (2012) states that in total, Customs Union opened access to about one hundred seventy million consumers (p. ). Several other post-Soviet neighboring states were also invited to join the club. In particular they were Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan. None of three Central Asian countries have fully considered and started the Customs Union accession negotiations. Ukraine was assessing and comparing its benefits from the Customs Union versus WTO accession, as well as waitin g for the decision on Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the European Union.Adilaja (2012) asserts that in a while, official Kiev preferred to abandon its plans on the Customs Union accession negotiations, saying that this will destroy its ongoing negotiations with the European Union. According to Russias infallible (2012) asserts that for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, rank in the Custom Union would have brought access to the labor market and increase cooperation in the field of the energy resources supply with Russia and Kazakhstan (p. 2).Although, Kyrgyzstan is currently a member of the WTO, its historical ties and economic dependency on Russian energy resources contributed to its willingness to join another union with Russia. It is noteworthy of saying that pre-existing Customs Union trade relations and economic ties cannot be described as dynamic ones. European Union lay down for Security Studies describes trade relations between Customs Union member states prior to the Customs Union creation. In particular, share of intra-CU trade to the total amount of trade of CU-member states within three years prior to CU creation.Thus, 48. 1% of Belarusian the total amount of trade in 2008 accounts for Russia and Kazakhstan. While only 7. 3% of Russian trade turnover in 2008 accounts for Belarus and Kazakhstan. And 18. 8% of the total volume of Kazakhstan trade turnover accounted for Russia and Belarus in the same period. 2009 indicators did not change significantly, but in 2010, the year of establishment of the Customs Union, the share of intra-customs union trade of Russia dropped (Zagorski, 2012, p. 5).An interesting observation is that with few exceptions, all the countries bordering the Western fringes of the former Soviet Union have intensified their trade relations with the European Union as well as with China, whose importance in Central Asian trade has been growing. There is a trend that between 41 and 45% of Russian exports to former So viet states are currently comprised of energy resources, while 39 percent of its imports consist of machines and equipment (Adelaja, 2012, p. ). These facts makes many experts doubt trade relations of the Customs Union states while others suggest that the Customs Union could become a fundamental change in relations between former Soviet states and that become a push to growth in trade. The figures mentioned above, as well as the fact that post-Soviet states were reluctant to form another union, made the decision to establish the Customs Union look spontaneous and unjustified.However, throughout the whole accomplish of negotiations and ratification of the Customs Union policies and implementation of the necessary procedures, official governments were justifying their decision to create a union and finding new benefits of the participation in the regional cooperation between three states. Although not all of them compete in a concert, all three were citing economic benefits that cou ntries obtain from the participation in the regional union. Official Astana firmly defended its position on the Customs Union accession, and denied any political motivations behind the membership of the alliance with Russia and Belarus.Kazakhstan officials were speculating that a unified customs territory would make Kazakhstan even more attractive for foreign investors who have considered Kazakhstan as one of the most attractive markets in our part of the world (Accession to the WTO, n. d. , p. 1). Kazakhstan also speculated over its geopolitical position, as the largest land-locked country and the state with the most number of transit routes that will ensure large income from transit tariffs.For Kazakhstan the membership in the Customs Union will increase access to global markets, expand trade with Russia and China, and diversity of economy through technological and service advances. Belarusian position toward the Customs Union brought many obstacles. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has openly complained about the arm-twisting politics of the Kremlin, saying that his country had been under pressure to cede control of some of its juiciest companies like Belarusian potassium company (Belkali) and Belarus state-run Minsk railroad car Plant (MAZ) unless the country joined the union. Given the importance of champion enterprises such as MAZ and Belkali for Belarus or Gazprom for Russia, it is serene unclear how the states can agree on regulating these enterprises with supranational groundings, especially when they are governed not by economic, but by political logic, said George Plaschinsky, an associate analyst at the Center for European regeneration in Minsk. Previously the Russian authorities had an experience of imposing different decisions on gas and petroleum companies in order to achieve some political aims and assert them as the energy superpower. (Russias Customs Union, 2012, p. 2). At first it seemed that Russia benefited from creation of t he Customs Union more than others, as it has the largest market and biggest production industries. Experts suggested that some competition from Kazakh and Belarusian producers will be beneficial, but not risky for Russian producers and entrepreneurs. In addition, it will create positive conditions for transition from Soviet centralized to market economy. Russia would also benefit from the labor market of its neighbors, as Russias own demographic situation is worse than in Kazakhstan and its population is aging.It is also work on North and South stream gas pipelines to bypass such transit countries, such as Ukraine. Thus, a union with some of its neighbors would ensure protection of Russias interests and concessional conditions for pipelines placement. In addition to traditional credit line on competition for the regional dominance in the Central Asia, a union would solve some tensions between Russia and neighboring states regarding debt payment for gas supply, political influence and alliances creation.However, some experts were more skeptical. Some businesses are likely to move to the neighboring states, like Kazakhstan, where the investment climate is more favorable, said Alexei Devyatov, the chief economic expert at Ural Sib Capital (Adelaja, 2012, p. 2). Russia might also lose from the opening of it market to the labor from Kazakhstan and Belarus, as Russia also has a huge population of unskilled and unqualified population hat will be left out from participation in the marked taken over by foreign nationals.Considering positions of the Customs Union member states expressed above, it is crucial to consider what regulations or conditions influenced Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in their decision to access WTO. What does the World Trade Organization is? The WTO is a network of agreements. It unites states around the world into a single system and regulates their trade relations. The WTO member states may chose the degree if integration, but should aspire t o opening of deeper and wider access to domestic markets. The WTO member states are allowed to create the regional agreements and unions within the organization.General goal of the organization is free trade and liberalization of the economies. As it was mentioned above, the Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan was also created to facilitate liberalization and decrease trade barriers without fully abolishing tariffs. The WTO does not require elimination of borders, unlike the customs union that stipulates common border and single economic space. Thus, the Customs Union requires deeper integration of its member states than primary WTO accession documents.The decision to create the Customs Union between three states could signal willingness to engage in deeper cooperation and integration, and thus, the WTO accession provides access to more states willing to cooperate and a platform for finding new friends. Creation of the Customs union with outside WTO partners can als o be a sign that the state relies on partners who do not necessarily share the idea of free trade on global level. Interestingly, with the creation of the Customs Union, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus enhanced WTO accession process.In this case, the creation of the trade liberalization institution could be an illustration of states readiness to access the WTO and negotiate conditions. The main reason of the WTO accession for many states is said to be a wide access to foreign markets and integration into a global club of ripe(p) nations. Some of the advantages are improved competition that ensures supply of qualified products, attraction of more foreign investors to the country, securing their interests and protection by legislation common in the WTO space, as well as lowering the costs of caterpillar track business. According to General benefits from WTO (n. d. , however, there are also some disadvantages of being a WTO member, such as limited abilities to protect infant industrie s, inability to compete with advanced economies, prohibition of governmental subsidies and elimination of unflinching currency rates (p. 1). Economies of state applicants for the WTO accession should be ready for a drastic change and impingement therapies. Even with the transitional period, the changes brought by the WTO accession and commitments made by states are significant. Russia was the only Security Council and G8 member not on the WTO, thus its accession was a requirement to be fully admitted as one of the superpowers.Putin and other Russian governmental officials assured other Customs Union member states that with the accession of Russia to the WTO, it is restrained going to preserve the Customs Union and keep close relations with Belarus and Kazakhstan. Furthermore, Russia has promised promotion of two countries in their accession to the WTO. Experts believe that Russia will not abandon its partners, as it is still interested in integration of the post-Soviet states, an d will not give up on the struggle for domination in the region.Therefore, even after the WTO accession it is not efficient for Russia to exclude Kazakhstan and Belarus from its foreign policy. In case Kazakhstan is left outside of the WTO, it will become a reliable partner of Russia outside of the organization. While Belarus can be more reluctant in implementation of the agreement reached before the WTO accession. Thus, Russia will probably use more force to get Belarus remain in the union. Since Russia dominates in the union, in case all member states access the WTO, Russia will be established as a single power in the region that decides on economic and political processes.Other states will be bound by obligations under the agreements, and since their accession comes after Russia, it is most likely that they will negotiate similar if not the same tariffs as Russia did. Considering unequal political positions of the Customs Union member states, and economic ties prior to the creati on of the Union that did not directly contributed to the establishment of the union, it can be off-key that the Customs Union was created as a demonstration of the commitment to the trade liberalization and aspiration to be a part of the globalized world.It is also important to mention that it is a Russian-led union and neither economies of its partner states or their political leadership are sufficiently competitive to challenge Russian industries, market and politics. Russia played very important role in the promotion of the idea of the union, and the Customs Union could become the first effectively working regional integration mechanism on the post-Soviet space. However, since Russia aspired to join the WTO, Customs Union member states have to catch up and also join the club, although they might be less interested in it than Russia.Bibliography Adelaja, T. (2012). Putinomics Abroad. Russia Profile, share Politics. Retrieved November 16, 2012 http//russiaprofile. org/politics/571 18/print_edition/ Krotov, I. (2010). Customs Union between the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation within the fabric of the Eurasian Economic Community. World Customs Journal, 5 (2). Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//www. worldcustomsjournal. org/media/wcj/-2011/2/Krotov. pdf Prajakti, K. , & Varadzhakov, S. (2012).The Customs Union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus root Steps Towards the Rivaval of the Silk Road, Academia, 894. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http//cambridge-centralasia. academia. edu/PrajaktiKalra/Papers/472081/The_Customs_Union_between_Russia_Kazakhstan_and_Belarus_First_Steps_towards_the_Revival_of_the_Silk_Road Zagorski, A. (2012). Russias neighbourhood policy. European Union Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//www. iss. europa. eu/publications/detail/ article/russias-neighbourhood-policy/Zlatkin, I. (2012). A Sovereign Surge, Not a Soviet Resurgence The Mutualism of Euras ian Reintegration. SRAS, The Journal of Russia and Asian Studies. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http//www. sras. org/a_sovereign_surge_not_a_soviet_resurgence_the_mutualism_of_eurasian_reintegration IXGV, Financial News, Russia, Belarus, Kazakh customs union will benefit enterprises in Asia. (2012). p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http//www. ixgw. com/2012/05/russia-belarus-kazakh-customs-union-will-benefit-enterprises-in-asia/Astana Economic Forum, News, Nursultan Nazarbayev Eurasian Union from idea to the history of the future, (n. d. ), pp. 1 10. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//aef. kz/upload/news/statya%20Nazarbayeva. pdf Belarus Digest, Economy, WTO v. Customs Union Russia Decides. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http//belarusdigest. com/story/wto-v-customs-union-russia-decides-7434 Business Dictionary. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/customs-union. htmlEmbassy of the Republic of Kaz akhstan, Discover Kazakhstan, Economy, Accession to the WTO, (n. d. ). Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http//www. kazakhembus. com/page/wto-accession The Fish Site, News and Analysis, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus Keep Customs Union, (2012). p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http//www. thefishsite. com/fishnews/17679/russia-kazakhstan-belarus-keep-customs-union U. S. A. Poultry and Eggs Export Council, News, Analysis, Russias Inevitable Customs Union in Central Asia. (2012). pp. 1 3. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from http//www. usapeec. kz/en/news/10204/

Legitimacy Crisis Essay

I know that piracy is wrong. Plagiarism is to use an other(a)s work and pretend that it is ones own. 2. I defecate used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay/report/project from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This essay/report/project is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature Jvanrooyn forge Count 308 excluding in-text citations Jihad Van Rooyen.Introduction to Politics, Tutorial Group 11 12 March 2014 designation 3 Legitimacy Crisis Revolutions result in a ubiquitous change in society. This essay ascertains themes throwing authenticity into crisis finished an evaluation of the sources of the french, Russian and Iranian whirlings. As stipulated by Max Weber in his authenticity crisis ideals, society functions on a moral relationship between the rul er and the rule (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 199219). Non-acceptance by the ruled would result in a governance losing its legitimacy and pave way for a political break-down.This is emphasise by John Locke in the Social Contract, where he deemed that society has no moral obligation to the politics when the contract is breached (Spragens, 199734). Thus, legitimacy certifies political stability and must be lost before any revolution can transpire. The French Revolution was based on the constitutional and monetary crises, which lead to instability. Thus through the failure of the governance to meet demands, legitimacy was lost and a secular revolution followed (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 199272).Relative red ink was an immediate by-factor, clearly evident through the revolts against the structural conditions, which ultimately abolished absolute monarchy in France (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 199274). Similarly to the French revolution, the Russian overthrowing of the old political system proved easier than consolidating power (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 199279), especially after both revolutions were influenced by the regimes spending on warfare. Both revolutions involved peasants uprising, owing to hunger, poverty and social inequality.The czar was not able to meet the demands of the citizens and in so doing lost credibility. In contrast, Irans old regime had not been ravaged by warfare nor had it suffered monetary failure, prior to its revolution (Hague, Harrop & Breslin, 199279). The revolution was a phantasmal affair against the regime. Like the previous two revolutions, mind-sets amongst the people were not met by the regime. In conclusion, when a regime doesnt fulfill its moral obligation to the people or if they do not meet the expectation of the citizens, relative deprivation could occur which could ultimately result in illegitimacy and a revolution.

Communication in the Military

Communication has alship displaceal been important with in the multitude from day unmatched. Wiht place this communication no spend would know where to be or when to be in that location. When the U. S. military first began we fought in a completely contrary style than we do today. Back then there was alot more chivalry to war to than there is today. They stood on line with their chests discover proud of what they were doing. Without communication the first rank would not know when to fire their muskets, when to oblige a knee, when to begin reloading their weapons and when to stand endure up to seclude aim to start the process exclusively all over again.According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary the classification of communication states its a process by which in directation is interchange between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behaviour. In relation, communication is the heart of what arrives the join States host what it is today. Without Co mmunication vital incourseation would not be passed d protest from the Chief of Command to a range of Non Commissi angiotensin converting enzymed Officers to the passs. Not to mention, innocent lives would be in jeopardy, missions would be misconstrued, and simple in wreakation from NCO to spend would be conflicted.Lack of communication in the army means important decision on whateverthing would not be made. Taking from the Chief of Command, if he did communicated to his dependents on decisions such(prenominal) as going to war, or even make the change of declaring General Martin Dempsey chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff how could we improved the nation better yet a squad because all in all the United States army is a TEAM. Not having communication in spite of appearance a constituency of the great unwashed creates an anarchy of chaos. The smallest amount of in shitation is always imperative.For example, if a pass goes out over the weekend and doesnt in work on whatever matchless of he or she whereabouts and roughthing crucial happens to him or her no unmatchable would neer know because that pass failed to communicated with his/her battle buddy more importantly their NCO. It is important to notify your chain of omit where you are at all times so that they know. This is why the host has developed the TRiPs system so that if traveling outside of the 250 mile radius of post you are required to fill out this digital form and it be approved by your supervisor before taking the state trip so that your chain of command knows your whereabouts always.When separates know about ones location it is easier to manoeuvre to find them if anything should ever go wrong. No one wants to fuck off a victim if whateverthing should ever go not concord to plan and thats why it is critical to notify someone whenever going out. Communication is key due to the simple fact that if the individuals involved in the social interaction do not first form a bases of what is tolerable and what is not, how than, can they respect the other individual.They next fraction that would be necessary for a healthy respectful relationship would be empathy. Without an empathic outlook by all parties engaged in communication, how might they respect anothers caput of view? Empathy must follow communication, for empathy shows acknowledgement and sagaciousness of what was first communicated by all parties. After empathy, the final and well-nigh important step towards respect is submission. compliance is required to assimilate each individual into respect, not per say, for one or more individuals to dominate the others.Lets displacement down these three ideals of respect, starting with communication. Communication is the very bases for respect. Without this very basic idea, an organization as bad as the soldiery of the United States could simply not exist. The relationship between communication and respect is one sided. Communication can exist without respec t, but not vice versa. An example of this could include two individuals fight over the price of an item. Both individuals are communicating, but neither is respecting the other.By any means, the bane of communication when use to respect is miscommunication. Miscommunication in itself is the very break down of communication. Communication plays an essential role in any institution, e peculiar(a)ly in the military. The military employs two basic forms of communication which are verbal and non-verbal. All two forms are vital to the success of the military. Without effective communication in the military regardless of the status there cannot be a positive outcome of any situation with failure to determine what is passed.Military communication has compete an important role in transmitting information, orders, and reports both in the field and at sea and between command centres and deployed units both in the field and at sea. Information is transmitted from superiors to subordinates u tilizing the chain of command system. The American Heritage dictionary of English language defines Chain of command as a system where by authority is passed down from the top through a series of executive positions or military ranks in which each is accountable to the one directly superior.Individual unit leaders exercise command by communicating orders and instruction of commanders to their respective units. Traditionally, military communication had been in the form of sending and receiving signals. The first military comms legal document was the communication automobile designed by the Soviet Union in 1934. The basics of the communications in the beginning was the sending and receiving of signals which were encoded so that the enemy would not be able to get hold of any top secret communication.Then the advent of distinctive signals which lead to the formation of the Signal Corps, this corp. , specialised in tactical maneuver of military comms. They evolved into a distinctive oc cupation where the signaller became a highly technical job dealings with all available communications orders including civil ones. In the modern world, virtually nations attempt to minimize the risk of infection of war caused by miscommunication or inadequate communication by pushing the limits of communication technology and systems.As a result military communication is more intense, complicated, and often motivates the development of advanced technology for remote systems such as satellites and aircraft, both manned and unmanned, as well as computers. Computers and their varied applications have revolutionized military comms. luckily military communication does not always merely facilitate warfare, but often supports intelligence collection and communication between adversaries, and thus sometimes prevents war. Signal communication is basically a means of conveyancing information from soulfulness or place to the other utilizing indicators such as gestures and pot. Signal c ommunication or signaling has long played an important role in warfare. This form of communication is greatly employ when troops dont want to be heard or detected and it serves to provide a means of transmitting information from reconnaissance and other units in contact with the enemy. The military uses signal communcations in many antithetical ways and have done so since the beginning of the military.Whether it be in the form of advance and arm signals inwardly an Infantry unit to allow everyone behind them to know what they need to do at a specific time whether it be halt or stop movement, or to take a knee, to get down in the prone, to mark a rally point to meet up at. The list goes on and on and by using a signaling form of communication it allows them to do so without being heard by an enemy force that may be in the ready area. The signaling form of communication fastball is overly used by infantry units and other found force elements to notify others what they need to do or the position in which they are in.They use smoke to notify medevac of their position in case they have wounded or KIA within their element to be picked up. Ground troops would pop smoke and wait for the medevac helicopter to indicate what affectation of smoke that they see to know that it is they element in which they are intending to go to. Verbal communication is the most widely used form of communication in the military. This method has an advantage over the other forms of communication. It allows the person passing the information to interpret the facial expressions of those receiving the information being passed.You can also use the weather vane now days as a form of verbal communcation. With the addition of this tool the military has become even more effective. With this tool leaders are able to send the same mental object to a large group of people without having to take the time out to have a formation or a gathering of the soldiers in order to do so. This method h as become the primary source of communcation within the military because of its ease and almost everyone has access to a computer and the web at some point during their duty day.It reduces time in which it takes to get information put out and reduces the amount of time that one would waste by going to a gathering or formation. The people within the conversation is in the long run unlimited to w nucleotidever they would like within it and allows for multiple responses at one said time whenever they see the message and are able to send a response without taking them away from other tasks at hand and allowing them to efficiently transition from one task to the next.Military Communication is a key to the success of everything that we do in the military. Here is an example of how the web can help efficiently pass along information in the armament. With communicating in the military it has to be clear and to the point because many times it has to be passed on to someone else and there c an not be any confusion. Just recently I stock and email.It was to pass along what the Commander had worked out for the holiday schedule for Thanksgiving and wanted all the units to be aware of the days that we would have off and the days that we needed to post a duty also beget us the days for leave that service members are allowed to take and posted a memorandum stating that if someone is to take leave on these dates they are not allowed to take leave for the rest of the social class unless it was a red cross emergency. The purpose of this email so I can inform my team on the days that we would have off and the days allotted for leave.My commanding officer was the sender and I was the receiver. The message was the days we would have off for thanksgiving holidays. The technology used was a milper messages which is a military personal message. All involved had positive feedback. The technology used was very appropriate due to this needed to be sent out to many units at one time r ather than the commander expression up each email address and sending that out that way he could send it out to each unit and then the Commanding Officer can see to it that the message was passed to each person.Another form of military communication is Cryptography. Cryptography is one of the most influential and important assets pertaining to regimen today. Cryptography is the mathematical science of preparingcommunication incoherent to parties unintended to receive the message, or Cryptography is the study of methods of converting readable messages into guised unreadable information, unless one knows of the methods of decryption. This military comms method ensured that the messages reached the correct hands and eyes or ears.Nowadays digital cash, signatures, digital rights management and ingenious property rights and secure electronic commerce are its new purviews. It is also being used in computing, telecommunications and infrastructure. In essence this what this statement i s saying is that when using cryptography you are required to enter some sort of passcode or password in order to access the material contained within the message. The military uses this method when it comes to almost any kind of electronically sent mail or information.In order to access the Army Knowledge Online website which contains soldiers data and emails you are required to enter your username and password. The passwords the military requires people to use are some of the most difficult passwords to hack. All passwords must contain uppercase, lowercase letters along with numbers and special characters. Another form of Cryptography used by the military is the common access card. This card contains soldier data within a microchip that is inserted into an identification card. When using the CAC card you also have a 6-8 digit pincode that is required when acessing government computers or material.Each soldier has a CAC card that is used to get throught the entre on each military i nstallation. This form of Cryptography takes two essential things in the miltary and forms them both into one idea. Written communication is another form in which the military uses. The written form of communication is in all likelihood the most usually used form of communication within the military. Military uses written communication everyday. Whether it be in the form of an email which can also be considered verbal or in the form of a Memorandum for record or a DA form 4856 counseling form. One of the most important concepts to master is expressed several ways put your bottom line first, hook your reader, make it relevant to him/her. DA PAM 600-67 lists this concept first among its seven style techniques in Paragraph 3-1 and hammers the idea home again in Paragraph 3-2. AR 25-50 says focus first on the main point (Paragraph 1-45) and pay with a short, clear purpose statement (Paragraph 1-46). A MFR can be for the purpose of many opposite things. It can be used to give guiden ce of off limit establishments or be a directing on how a task will be carried out.Beyond that there are even more ways a memorandum for record may be used but those are just a couple that come to mind right off hand. The DA form 4856 counseling is used amongst the Army. It gives guidence to the soldier on a monthly basis or whenever they do something negative in which his or her chain of command feels it is necessary to give the soldier a negative counseling. There are many other reasons for a counseling. They can be used for promotion purposes to give the soldier a guideline to things that he or she must accomplish in order to be recommended for promotion or reasons that they are not being recommended.On a monthly basis the counseling tells a soldier how the soldier ultimately did for the introductory month whether it be good or bad. The counseling will have special emphasis on what the soldier did well as well as the soldiers shortcomings, giving the soldier guidence on what he or she should work on the following month. The DA 4856 is an excellent form of communication between the Team or Squad leader and the lower enlisted within his or her team or squad when used properly.Most people in the Army do not use the counseling form in the correct way of life in which it was designed to be used. This is usually due to the fact that they themselves do not understand Army communication themselves or they just do not understand how the form is actually meant to be used. The Army is begining to go back to its old way and the ways that most soldiers have been brought up in the Army is in fact the wrong way leading to what is being known as Toxic lead and the Department of the Army is doing their best to begin getting rid of this toxic leadership.Toxic leadership could be be as someone that does the bare minimum or in the case of a counseling form would what is referred to as hand jamming it. Meaning that they pay no attention to their soldier but when something comes up and they do not have the counselings prepared they go back and write them and instruct the lower enlisted soldier that they are in control of to back date the form to keep them from getting in scuffle as well. This form has become more and more common within the Army that is rediculous.If someone wants to be in charge of someone they should take charge and do what they are suppose to do in that position not throwing their soldier under the bus when they think thats something they have done is coming back to bite them based on their own actions They expect their soldiers to cover them but leadership is suppose to adhere up for their soldiers not throw them under the bus. What kind of signal, what kind of communication is this to the lower take soldier? Not a good one and thats all that can be said.To sum up this analyze there are several different forms of communication within the military that all serve their own purpose to the military. There is the communication form of signal that can be used to signal different things from telling other soldiers what they should do next when in combat, to informing air support of your position via smoke or a VS-17 panel. There is the form of verbal communication which can be used to give a platoon or company of soldiers a safety briefing for the weekend, or just to put out guidence to a select few individuals within the element.Another form of communication being cryptography. Cryptography allows one said person to send another said person a message or email or another form of typed material that you must use a passcode, pincode, or password to access. All forms of government email use this type of communication to ensure the safety and well being of the rest of the universe of discourse of the United States. The last form of communication we discussed is written. Written communication is the most important and most commonly used among the military.Written comunication can be used as a MFR or counseling sessi on for a lower level soldier. A MFR can be used in different ways, it can be used to notify soldiers of off limit establishments or just to give guidence to soldiers on how to accomplish a said task that has been given to them. A DA form 4856 is utilized to give guidence to the lower level soldier on how well they have performed over the period of a month. Commonly known as a monthly counseling but can also be used as a negative counseling to inform a soldier of wrong doing that he or she has done to recieve the statement.Negative counselings can be used in conjunction to ultimately punish the soldier using UCMJ action. All in all communcation is an essential part of the military. The lack of communication cause serious problems as well as just the lack of understanding the communication that has been given. Communication within the military is a must or nothing will get done, or get done to the standards anyway. It is imparative that all members of the United States military unders tand the importance of communication and excercises it on a regular basis on order for the military to in effect function.